连结之消费者契约——提供商品或服务与授信

Linked Consumer Contract-Provide Goods or Services and Credit

在消费者契约关系中,消费者往往有金钱信用或货物信用的需求。消费者可能自己向专以授信为业之企业经营者寻求信用,可能直接向提供商品或服务之企业经营者寻求货物信用或金钱信用,亦可能透过提供商品或服务之企业经营者向专以授信为业之企业经营者寻求金钱信用。当提供商品或服务之企业经营者无法交付商品或提供服务时,各种情形中的消费者对贷与金钱之企业经营者是否仍应承担偿还金钱之风险,不无异议。《德国民法典》第358条认为对消费者提供商品或服务与授信乃连结契约,经济上一体乃该项连结契约之要件,故前二种情形授信的态样应受到相同的评价,即当企业经营者不提供商品或服务时,消费者不应承担偿还信用之风险。即使企业经营者将授信关系让与第三人时,该授信关系亦不因让与而受影响。

In the consumers'contract relationship,consumers often have the need for money credit or goods credit.Consumers may seek credit from business operators who specialize in credit granting,and may also seek goods or money credit directly from business operators who provide goods or services,meanwhile they may seek credit from business operators who specialize in credit granting through business operators who provide goods or services.When the operators who provide goods or services are unable to deliver goods or provide services,consumers in various situations have objections to whether the business operator of a loan and money should still bear the risk of repayment of money.According to Article 358 of the German Civil Code,providing goods or services and credit to consumers is a linked contract in which economic inte-gration is an essential element.Therefore,the form of credit in the above two situations should be subject to the same evaluation,e.g.consumers should not bear the risk of repaying credit when the operators do not provide goods or services.Even if the business operators transfer the credit relationship to a third party,the credit relationship will not be affected by the transfer.