规制“规避”:中国民商法的技术选择、制度演进与改进策略

Evasion of Law-Legislative Technique Choice,Institution Evolution and Improvement Strategies of the Chinese Civil and Commercial Law

《民法总则》建立了"虚伪表示效力判定规则",且未再沿用《民法通则》关于"合法形式掩盖非法目的行为无效"的规定。实务界期待新规则能够更合理、有效地规制法律规避行为。但新规则的有效适用需要充分的证据支撑,而获取与核实该类证据的高成本性可能阻碍了法官对虚伪表示的认定。此外,结合以往实践经验推断,新规则对日益普遍的"组合式规避行为"的规制作用有限。为此,有必要在"虚伪表示效力判定规则"基础上,进一步通过直接对某些规避行为进行立法定性、直接禁止当事人从事特定行为、提高当事人从事规避行为的成本以及改革监管措施以阻却当事人实施规避行为等多种途径,系统构建规制法律规避行为的制度体系。

The General Provisions of Civil Law establishes "rules on the validity of false representations"no longer follows the rules on lawful forms covered illegal purposes which are invalid as set in the General Principles of Civil Law. Many researchers expect the new rules to regulate the evasion of law more reasonably and effectively. However,the effective application of the new rules requires sufficient evidence support,and the high cost of obtaining and verifying such evidence may hinder the judge’s determination of false representation. In addition,it is inferred from the past practical experience that the new rules have limited use for the increasingly common "combined evasion behavior". Therefore,it is necessary to further legislatively determine certain evasive behaviors,and directly prohibit the parties from engaging in specific behaviors,meanwhile increase the cost of evading behaviors of the parties,and reform the regulatory measures to prevent the parties from implementing on the basis of the "rules of false representations effectiveness determination"thus systematically build an institutional system to regulate legal evasive behavior.