“匪、民、团”——义和团纪律转变考论

The Bandit,the People and the Regiment:on the Discipline Change of the Boxers

义和团肇端于山东、直隶一带,随及便蔓延至整个华北地区,并最终于京师达到鼎盛阶段。其间,义和团的纪律发生了巨大的扭转,由最初山东、直隶时期纪律严明的团民逐渐蜕变为在京“烧杀抢掠”的拳匪,对整个京师的工商业造成了巨大冲击,致使人人自危。义和团自身纪律的转变所带来的影响至深且远,不仅对士农工商影响较深,且对朝廷未来的政治决策以及外交关系均造成难以言及的影响。

The Boxers began in Shandong and Zhili,spread to the whole North China area at will,and finally reached its peak in its capital.In the meantime,the Boxer's discipline has undergone a tremendous reversal.From the well-disciplined regiments in Shandong and Zhili periods,they have gradually transformed into boxers who"burned,killed and looted"in its capital,which has had a tremendous impact on the industry and Commerce of the whole capital,and everyone endangers himself.The change of Boxer's own discipline had a profound and far-reaching impact not only on the scholar-peasants,industry and commerce,but also on the future political decision-making and diplomatic relations of the court.