太极拳运动对中老年人脑功能和有氧运动能力的影响

Effects of Tai Ji Quan on Brain Function and Aerobic Capacities for Middle-aged and Elderly People

目的评价太极拳运动对中老年人有氧运动能力和脑认知功能的影响。方法2018年6月至2019年7月,将60例中老年人分为太极拳组(n=13)、冥想组(n=14)、有氧运动组(n=17)和久坐组(n=16),观察干预24周前后,各组体质量指数(BMI)、有氧运动能力以及在执行认知任务过程中诱发的P300波形中P3b的振幅、潜伏期和P300反应时。结果干预后,各组BMI有非常高度显著性差异(F=7.568,P<0.001);有氧运动组最大摄氧量(VO2max)明显优于太极拳组和久坐组(t>3.039,P<0.01),太极拳组和冥想组VO2max优于久坐组(t>2.152,P<0.05);太极拳组、冥想组和有氧运动组P3b振幅均明显高于久坐组(t>2.667,P<0.01);久坐组P3b潜伏期略长于其他三组,但各组间无显著性差异(F=0.419,P=0.740);太极拳组反应时短于其他三组,各组间无显著性差异(F=1.804,P>0.05)。结论太极拳运动可提高中老年人有氧运动能力,有利于改善认知功能。

Objective To evaluate the effects of Tai Ji Quan exercise on aerobic capacities and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods From June,2018 to July,2019,60 middle-aged and elderly subjects were divided into Tai Ji Quan group(n=13),meditation group(n=14),aerobics group(n=17)and sedentary group(n=16).Before and 24 weeks after exercise,the body mass index(BMI),the VO2max,and the amplitude and latency of P3b and reaction time of P300 wave were observed.Results After exercise,there was significant difference in BMI among groups(F=7.568,P<0.001);the VO2max was higher in aerobics group than in Tai Ji Quan group and the sedentary group(t>3.039,P<0.01),as well as in Tai Ji Quan group and the meditation group than in the sedentary group(t>2.152,P<0.05);the amplitude of P3b was lower in the sedentary group than in other groups(t>2.667,P<0.01);the P3b latency tended to be longer in the sedentary group than in other groups,but no significant difference was observed among groups(F=0.419,P=0.740);the reaction time tended to be shorter in Tai Ji Quan group than in other groups,but no significant difference was observed among groups(F=1.804,P>0.05).Conclusion Tai Ji Quan exercise may improve aerobic capacities,and benefit the cognitive function.