超低温加工技术的研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Cryogenic Machining Technology

航空航天等重点领域的难加工材料对加工工艺方法提出了挑战。本着"一代材料,一代工艺"的原则,先进加工工艺方法被广泛探索。超低温加工具有常规加工方法不可比拟的优势,包括少/无环境污染、健康危害小、零件表面完整性好、加工效率高、刀具寿命长、综合加工成本低等,适于难加工材料的加工。本文简述了超低温冷却加工技术的原理与实施方法,详细介绍了难加工金属、纤维增强复合材料、高分子聚合物、工程陶瓷等典型材料的超低温加工研究进展。同时,还介绍了国内外主要研发机构的超低温装备研制和应用现状。最后,对超低温加工技术进行了总结,并给出了技术发展趋势。

The difficult-to-machine materials in the key fields such as aerospace pose a challenge to the machining technology.In line with the principle of“one generation of materials,one generation of technology”,advanced machining technology has been widely explored.Cryogenic machining has incomparable advantages over conventional machining methods,including less/no environmental pollution,less health hazards,good surface integrity of parts,high machining efficiency,long tool life,low comprehensive machining cost,etc.,and is suitable for the machining of difficult-to-machine materials.In this paer,the principle and implementation method of cryogenic machining technology are described briefly,and the research progress of cryogenic machining of typical materials such as difficult-to-machine metals,fiber reinforced composites,polymers,and engineering ceramics are introduced in detail.In addition,the development and application of cryogenic machining equipment at home and abroad are introduced.Finally,the cryogenic machining technology is summarized,and its development trend is given.