语言景观标记论——以北京798艺术区为例

The Markedness Theory for Linguistic Landscape Research:A Case Study of Beijing 798 Art Zone

语言本体研究的标记理论对社会语言学研究同样有效。相较于目前较受推崇的全描范式,标记范式的语言景观研究有助于研究者摆脱不必要的统计程序,直接面对关键问题,但同时也要求研究者对社区的基本语言使用状况有正确的前见且对语言景观的自身机制有描写需求。以标记范式对北京798艺术区的语言景观进行研究,可发现其文创意义的呈现是依靠字面添加标记、字象添加标记、字境添加标记和添加大比重标记等一系列的策略来实现的。标记范式有利于进行亚文化探究和嘈杂景观探究,其合法性也能得到质性研究基本逻辑的保证。

The Markedness Theory developed by the Prague School in the 1930s has been a seminal theoretical paradigm in research of language structures.This paper is an attempt to apply the Markedness Theory to linguistic landscape studies and provide a new analytical framework for the language uses on signage.Compared to the prevailing quantitative approach to linguistic landscape,the proposed marking paradigm can help researchers to skip the conventional statistical procedures and undertake the thematic analysis straightforwardly.In this paper,the linguistic landscape of Beijing 798 Art Zone is investigated using the Markedness Theory in order to reveal the strategies of languages display by shop proprietors.The analysis shows that the presentation of artistic creativity and cultural signifi cance relies on a variety of marked symbols,wordplay,spatial layouts or materiality.It is argued that the marking paradigm can facilitate the inquiry of subculture in linguistic landscape and the fi ltration of background noise in linguistic landscape,and its qualitative analysis can off er an in-depth insight into the sociolinguistic realities underneath the“discourse in place”.