双重性与三重性——兼论戏剧类型和写意戏剧的特征

Duality and Triplicity:On the Types of Theatre and the Characteristics of Abstract Theatre

戏剧的表演和观演都涉及“双重意识”,它与绘画的“双重性”密切相关,都涉及媒介与对象的关系。由于戏剧是二级艺术,它的双重性更加复杂。再现型戏剧是从媒介看出对象,表现型戏剧是从对象看出媒介,再现表现型戏剧则体现了对称的双重性。中国传统戏剧在总体上接近再现表现型戏剧,但多了一个抽象的维度,具有明显的“三重性”。

Both the performance and the acceptance of theatre concern“double consciousness”,which is closely related to the“duality”in painting.Both the“double consciousness”and the“duality”touch upon the relationship between media and objects.The duality of theatre is made more complicated as it is an art of the secondary level.The representation theatre can see the object from the media.The performance theatre can see the media from the object.And the representation performance theatre embodies symmetric duality.Chinese traditional theatre is close to representation performance theatre in general,but it has an extra abstract dimension and hence shows an obvious“triplicity”.