去中心、多层次与多元化——美国文化艺术资助体系研究

Decentralized,Multi-Layered and Diversified:A Study of the U.S.Culture and Arts Funding System

美国的文化艺术资助体系是一个由公立机构和私立机构联合构成的资助系统,公立文化艺术资助系统主要由联邦政府、州、地区、地方艺术机构资助共同构成;私立文化艺术资助系统主要由个人、基金会和企业资助构成。美国公立与私立文化艺术资助机构具有不同的愿景与使命,在精细化分工的基础上彼此合作、优势互补,通过去中心、多层次与多元化的文化艺术资助体系为美国多样化文化艺术的生存与发展奠定基础。通过对美国文化艺术资助体系中各层次机构的现状与运作特点进行概括,分析各类资助机构的分工差异与相互联系,可进一步探究中国如何有选择地借鉴美国文化艺术资助体系,从而通过科学管理激发中国文化艺术资助机构的活力,提高运作效率,促进中国文化艺术的繁荣发展。

The U.S.culture and arts funding system is composed of both public and private institutions.The public culture and arts funding system consists of the federal government,state,regional,and local art institutions,while private culture and arts funding system is mainly composed of donations from individuals,foundations and enterprises.The U.S.public and private culture and arts funding institutions have different visions and missions.They cooperate with each other on the basis of fine division of labor and complementary advantages,laying the foundation for the survival and development of diversified culture and arts in the United States through a decentralized,multi-layered and diversified culture and arts funding system.This paper summarizes the current status and operational characteristics of institutions at various levels in the U.S.culture and arts funding system,and analyzes the differences and interconnections of labor divisions among various funding agencies.By exploring how China can selectively learn from the U.S.culture and arts funding system,this paper tries to find ways to stimulate the vitality of Chinese culture and arts funding organizations through scientific management,in order to improve their operational efficiency and promote the prosperity and development of Chinese culture and arts.