自我、认知与精神病理的伦理蕴涵

Self,Cognition and the Ethical Implication of Psychopathology

在自创生理论看来,生命是一种自创生系统即一个自我指涉、自我构建的系统,因此认知是一种纯粹的生物学现象,一个认知系统是生命与其环境的结构性耦合(structural coupling)中发生的一系列过程,使得其能与环境相适合,或者是反过来改变环境的特征使之适应自身。基于这种自创生理论,吉勒特提出了一个关于后殖民社会精神疾病的理论,该理论认为正是由于作为中介的文化之镜的破碎,自我的变化影响了那些经由自上而下的自创生过程来整合人类神经活动和形塑其过程的神经认知结构。通过回溯亚里士多德意义上的目的论和康德的自然目的论,这一模型可获得哲学性的支撑,而对于康德第一批判中自我意识模型的一个当代诠释同这些理论资源一道,加深了我们对于精神性疾病的理解,展现了社会的、道德的病理分析,并与基于神经认知的生物学分析一起提供了一个理解自我与认知的契机,展现了精神病理的伦理蕴涵。

The theory of autopoiesis views life as a self-creation system,namely,a system of self-reference and self-construction.Therefore,life can be seen as purely biological phenomenon.A cognitive system is a series of processes during which organisms are involved in structural coupling with the environment that make it suitable for the environment,or in turn change the characteristics of the environment in order for it to adapt to the organism.Based on such theory of autopoiesis,Gillett(2016)proposes a theory on mental illness in post-colonial society,arguing that it is precisely due to the“cracked-mirror”of culture,changes in self have affected neurocognitive structure that integrates human neurological activities and shapes the very process through top-down or autopoiesis process.By tracing back to Aristotelian teleology and Kant’s natural teleology,philosophical support might be rendered,and a contemporary reconstruction of a self-awareness model based on interpretation of Kant’s first critique,along with these theoretical resources,deepen the understanding of psychiatric diseases,show the pathological analysis from a social and moral perspective,and together with biological analysis provided by the neurocognition,provide an opportunity to understand self as well as cognition and reveal the ethical implication of psychopathology.