霍布斯、黑格尔与霍耐特:个体社会化理论的三种范式

Hobbes,Hegel and Hornett:Three Paradigms of Individual Socialization Theory

在社会哲学的发展史上,个体社会化理论经历了这样三种范式,从霍布斯的自然状态假说开始,将个体间的相互冲突作为形成社会契约的必要前提,但是,冲突的范式并不能很好地解释原子个体与社会有机体的内在关联性,所以,霍布斯关于社会秩序的理论只是为现代社会哲学提出了问题。黑格尔延续了霍布斯的社会斗争维度,但是把社会秩序设定为伦理总体的存在,从个体的意识哲学中,借助于相互承认的互动结构,由稳定的互为承认的人格发展出了社会共同体的构架,但是,黑格尔后来放弃了这一研究范式,并未在实践哲学上将承认斗争作为形成社会秩序的具体情境。霍耐特试图把黑格尔的未竟事业进行下去,进而把抽象的承认结构具体化和现实化,在当代社会的语境下重新解读承认斗争的含义,把个体社会化的逻辑演进发展为社会团结的范式,并且给了这个结构以强有力的动因,那就是对社会蔑视现象的关注和分析,借助于社会心理学的经验研究,使得承认斗争的社会化范式在当代社会哲学中得以建立。

In the history of social philosophy,the theory of individual socialization has experienced three paradigms.From Hobbes’hypothesis of natural state,it takes the mutual conflict between individuals as the necessary prerequisite for the formation of social contract.However,the paradigms of conflict can not well explain the internal relationship between atomic individuals and social organisms.Therefore,Hobbes’theory of social order only raises questions for modern social philosophy.Hegel continued the dimension of Hobbes’social struggle,but set the social order as the existence of ethics as a whole.From the individual philosophy of consciousness,with the help of the interactive structure of mutual recognition,the stable personality of mutual recognition developed the structure of social community.However,Hegel gave up this research paradigm later,and did not regard the recognition struggle as the concrete situation of forming social order in the practical philosophy.Hornett tried to carry on Hegel’s unfinished business,and then concretized and realized the abstract recognition structure,reinterpreted the meaning of recognition struggle in the context of contemporary society,developed the logic evolution of individual socialization into the paradigm of social unity,and gave this structure a powerful motivation,that is,to pay attention to and analyze the phenomenon of social contempt.With the help of the empirical research of social psychology,the socialization paradigm of recognition struggle can be established in the contemporary social philosophy.