新型唾液生物标记物在口腔癌检测的研究进展

Advances in the detection of oral cancer with novel salivary biomarkers

口腔癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,平均五年生存率低,影响患者的生活质量,其早期诊断具有重要意义。唾液生物标记物可用于口腔癌的检测,学者们已发现100余种口腔癌唾液潜在标记物。近五年,口腔癌唾液标记物或测定板表现出较高的曲线下面积、灵敏度和特异性,甚至达到理想水平,如p16INK4a+RASSF1A+TIMP3+PCQAP/MED15、CCNA1+DCC+TIMP3、趋化素、PRDX-2、ZAG、罗氏菌等七菌属测定板;不受口腔癌危险因素、慢性牙周炎影响的标记物开始得到关注,如PRDX-2、ZAG、S100Pm RNA;此外,具有性别差异的标记物也被发现,如LDOC1。新型标记物的优点使其有望成为口腔癌检测的标记物,但临床运用的可靠性及重复性有待验证。本文将从基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、口腔微生物群方面,就新型唾液生物标记物在口腔癌检测的研究进展作一综述,以期为口腔癌早期检测提供可靠的唾液标记物。

Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.Its average five-year survival rate is low,which affects the quality of life of patients,so early diagnosis is of great significance.Salivary biomarkers can be used for the detection of oral cancer,and scholars have found more than 100 potential markers.In the recent five years,shown high area under curve,sensitivity and specificity,salivary markers or panels of oral cancer have even reached to ideal level,such as p16 INK4 a+RASSF1 A+TIMP3+PCQAP/MED15,CCNA1+DCC+TIMP3,chemerin,PRDX-2,ZAG,Rothia seven-genera panel.Markers not affected by risk factors and chronic periodontitis have also got to be concerned,such as PRDX-2,ZAG and S100 PmRNA.In addition,people also have discovered gender-specific markers,such as LDOC1.The advantages make it promising as markers for the detection of oral cancer,but the reliability and repeatability of clinical application need to be further verified.This paper will present advances in the detection of oral cancer with novel salivary biomarkers from the aspects of genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics and microbiome,to provide reliable biomarkers for early detection of oral cancer.