疫情监控:一个比较法社会学的分析

Monitoring COVID-19 Epidemic:A Perspective of Comparative Sociology of Law

从风险社会、监视社会以及衰退社会这三种视角考察和比较新冠病毒传染病防控的不同模式,可以聚焦疫情防控社会结构、个人权利保障、风险沟通以及问责机制等关键性问题。以这次疫情为契机,数字化信息技术得以更广泛运用,智慧网络平台进一步扩展,这将使经济关系与法律秩序的存在方式发生某种质变,从边沁一福柯的“一览式监视塔”到由各个智能手机构成的“视线陷阱”可以说,围绕隐私和自由,政府与社会之间正在展开一场相互透明化的博弈。国家的治理将不仅基于个人的行动方式,而且在相当程度上深入到体征计量,提前到动机预测,并对日常活动进行跟踪式流程管理。这种无所不在的社会监控,对以隐私和个体自由为基本特征的现代权利体系构成严峻挑战。无论进行何种价值判断,这都意味着法治的范式正在悄然发生深刻的转变甚至革命。为此,法学研究和思考的重心也将从规范移动到事实、从逻辑演绎移动到经验归纳,促使法社会学进入一个新阶段。

From the three perspectives of risk society,surveillance society and recession society,we can examine and compare different modes of prevention and control of the new coronavirus infectious diseases,We can focus on key issues such as the social structure of epidemic prevention and control,individual rights protection,risk communication and accountability mechanisms.Taking this epidemic as an opportunity,digital information technology can be more widely used,and the smart network platform will be further expanded.This will cause a qualitative change in the economic relations and legal order,from the Benthamite—Foucauldian Panopticon to the“sight tap”made up of various smartphones.It can be said that around privacy and freedom,the government and the society are developing a game of mutual transparency.Governance of the country will not only be based on individual actions,but to a certain extent,it will also go into the measurement of signs,advancing to the prediction of motivation,and continuous management of daily activities.This ubiquitous social monitoring poses a severe challenge to the modern rights system characterized by privacy and individual freedom.No matter what kind of value judgment is made,this means that the paradigm of the rule of law is quietly undergoing profound changes and even revolutions.For this reason,the focus of legal research and thinking will also move from norms to facts,from logical deduction to empirical induction,pushing legal sociology to a new stage.