人工智能生成作品的著作权法之问

Rethinking the Copyright of Works Generated by Artificial Intelligence

人工智能时代的机器创作,对著作权法律带来诸多挑战。机器创作过程,包括"数据输入-机器学习-结果输出"三个阶段,分别涉及"机器阅读"的行为性质问题、"机器创作"的主体资格问题、"机器作品"的可版权性问题。输入阶段的数据挖掘,意味着对已有作品自动化、批量化的"阅读",是为著作权法中的合理使用;学习阶段的"算法创作",实际上是"机器作者"与人类作者的共同创作,有别于"人类中心主义"下的创作主体结构;输出阶段的"生成内容",具有作品的思想表现形式和人格主义要素,应受著作权保护,但其权利由参与创作或投资的自然人或法人行使。面向未来,人类社会应秉持技术理性和制度理性,对人工智能时代的著作权法之问作出回答。

Machine writing in the era of artificial intelligence("AI")has posed a number of challenges to the copyright law.The machine writing process includes three stages,namely data input,machine learning and result output,which respectively involve three copyrightable issues:the nature of"machine reading",the subject qualification of"machine writer",and the copyright of"machine-generated works".Data mining at the input stage means that the automatic and batched"reading"of the existing works is fair use.The"algorithm writing"at the learning stage is actually a co-creation of"machine authors"and human authors,which is different from the structure of creative subject under"anthropocentrism".The"machine-generated content"at the output stage,with the expressive form of the work and the personality elements,shall be protected by copyright law.However,its rights belong to the natural or legal person who participates in creation or investment of AI systems.In the future,human society should uphold technical rationality and institutional rationality to answer these questions about the copyright law in the era of AI.