作为城市的北京与作为首都的北京 基于宪法规范的研究

Beijing as City and Capital:a Constitutional Perspective

《宪法》第143条作为首都条款不仅具有一般国家标志的象征意义,更对回应当下一系列改革的迫切需求具有特殊的规范价值。针对该条的核心要素,应从事实和规范两个层面分别对"首都"和"北京"进行深入解析。"首都是北京"的表达既是事实描述,也是命令规范,其所蕴含的作为特殊中央与地方关系的"都-城"关系,实为解决诸如京津冀协同发展、非首都功能疏散、雄安新区建设等问题的逻辑和规范基础。可在借鉴域外经验的基础上,有效协调北京的城市功能和首都功能的关系,并通过《首都法》最终实现规范化目标。

The Capital plays the function as a national symbol.Accordingly,Article 143 on the Capital of the nation has not only a symbolic meaning,but also a normative meaning in response to the pressing needs of current reforms.As the essence of Article 143 of the PRC Constitution,the two words,"Capital"and"Beijing",shall be thoroughly scrutinized from both empirical and normative perspectives.The prescription of"Capital is Beijing"in Article 143 describes a fact,which could be regarded as an order as well,implying the complicated relationships between the central and local governments.On the basis of the interpretation of Article 143,the coordinative developments in the Beijing-Hebei-Tianjin area,the resolutions to dismantle the non-capital-function from the metropolitan functions,and the construction of the new district of Xiong’an,might all be achieved to some extent.The article will analyze this important legal issue from a comparative perspective,recommend some solutions to coordinate different functions of Beijing,as a city and a capital,and help to achieve it eventually by a Law of the Capital.