草原生态补奖背景下异质性资源禀赋对牧户福利变动影响研究

Study on the influence of heterogeneous resource endowments on the change of herders’welfare in the context of the implementation of grassland ecological compensation policy

在维系草原生态平衡框架内,凭借现有的资源禀赋实现牧区的经济发展和牧民的福利增进,是牧区生态文明建设与社会可持续发展的内在要求和必然选择。本文在已有生态补偿和人类福利研究的基础上,对草原生态补奖后牧户的福利变化进行理论分析。基于可行能力理论构建包含6个福利维度20个因子在内的牧户福利评价指标体系,运用模糊数学综合评价方法考察草原生态补奖前后内蒙古边疆牧户福利变动情况,剖析家庭资源、人力资源、社会资源、自然资源和金融资源等异质性资源禀赋约束下牧户的福利差异,为建立牧户福利持续提升的草原生态补偿机制提供思路。研究结果表明:①补奖后牧户的福利水平提高了0.017,但牧户总体福利水平依然不高且仍有提升空间。②牧户福利水平的变动,受牧户拥有异质性资源禀赋的制约。从横向看,对牧户福利变动的影响由大到小依次为自然资源禀赋、社会资源禀赋、金融资源禀赋、家庭资源禀赋和人力资源禀赋。从纵向看,补奖后家庭资源禀赋更丰富的草畜平衡型牧户比禁牧型牧户的福利状况更好,牧户的受教育年限越长、生计多样性指数愈大、人均草场面积越广、家庭人均可支配收入越多,牧户的福利水平越高。③与补奖前相比,补奖后牧户间福利分配差距拉大。为此,建议对于不同资源禀赋的牧户,有针对性地适当加强资源倾斜,转变补偿制度,因地、因户采用多元化的补奖方式,转变牧民观念,以期持续改善补奖后边疆牧户的福利状况,缩小牧户内部福利分配差距。

Within the framework of maintaining grassland ecological balance,the realization of the economic development in pastoral areas and of the promotion of herders’welfare with existing resource endowments is an inherent requirement and inevitable choice for the ecological civilization construction and sustainable social development Form the perspective of grassland ecological compensation on the basis of exising ecological compensation and welfare research,this article conalyzed the herders,welfare changes after the grassland ecological compensation.And then,the aiticle constructed the welfare evaluation index system which con tained 6 welfare dimensions and 20 factors,based on the feasible ability theory,used the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method to investigate the changes of herders’welare in Inner Mongolia before and after the implementation of the policy,and analyzed the heterogeneous resource endowments constraints such as family resource endowment,human resource endowment,social resource endowment,natural resource endowment and financial resource endowment to provide thought for the establishment of a grassland ecological compensation mechanism for the continuous improvement of herders’welfare.The results showed that:①After the implementation of the policy,herders’welfare level improved by 0.017,but the overall herders’welfare level was not high and there was still room for improvement;②The changes in herders’welfare level were also restricted by the endowments of heterogeneous resources.From a horizontal perspective,the impact on changes in herders’welfare was from natural resources endowment,social resource endowment,financial resource endowment,family resource endowment,and human resource endowment.From a vertical perspective,after the implementation of the policy,herders with a balanced proportion of grassland and livestock and with richer family endowment resources had better welfare than those prohibited grazing.The longer the herders’years of education,the greater the livelihood diversity index,and the larger the per capita grassland area;the more the households’per capita disposable income,the higher the herders’welfare level would be;③Compared with the conditions before the implementation of the policy,the gap in the distribution of welfare between the herders after the implementation was widened.It is suggested that for the herders with different resource endowments,more resources should be allocated toward them and the compensation system should be adjusted accordingly.It is also suggested that a more diversified compensation policy should be adopted in accordance with local conditions and the reality of different households in order to encourage the herders to embrace new ideas,to improve their welfare after the implementation of the grassland ecological compensation,and to narrow the gap between the herders in welfare distribution.