突发公共卫生事件多主体协同治理能力提升策略——以新型冠状病毒肺炎防治为例

Strategies for Improving Multi-agent Collaborative Governance of Public Health Emergencies:Taking the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 as an Example

突发公共卫生事件具有不确定性、突发性和非常规性,易造成较大范围社会危害,因而其治理工作是一项涉及不同领域、不同主体的复杂系统工程。充分厘清主体权责、协调主体间关系是全面、高效、有序开展突发公共卫生事件防控的关键,亦是新时期我国突发公共卫生事件治理能力建设的重点方向。本研究以新型冠状病毒肺炎防治工作为例,梳理该突发公共卫生事件治理中的难点,从卫生治理体系多主体协同视角分析问题成因,据此提出能力改进策略。建议突发公共卫生事件应当以大数据驱动、多主体参与的疫情预警体系建设为线索,以纵向和横向上的府际协同为重点,以医疗卫生队伍的保障为基础,以公私协作促进社会资源配置为补充,以舆情管理和社会动员为支持,从而达到政府统领、公开透明、府际协同、社会参与、控制增量、减少存量的效果。

Public Health Emergency(PHE)events often occur with large uncertainty,burstiness and unconventionality,and therefore,cause a wide range of social harm.PHE Administration thus requires a comprehensive and systematic network involving a large variety of sectors from various professional fields.Clear identification of the responsibilities,entitlements,and obligations of each involved sectors and effective relationship coordination is,on the one hand,critical to the success of PHE control and prevention,and on the other hand,the priority for the capacity building in the PHE system.The study employed the control and prevention of the newly outbreak Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)as a case study,summarized the major challenges faced by the local government,analyzed the underlying reasons from a multi-agent cooperation perspective,and based on which,proposed corresponding strategies to improve the effectiveness of multi-agent cooperation in the PHE prevention and control system.It’s suggested that public health emergencies should be guided by the construction of a big data-driven,multi-agent-involved epidemic warning system,focus on vertical and horizontal inter-governmental collaboration,focus on the protection of medical teams,and public-private collaboration.The promotion of the allocation of social resources is supplemented by the support of mobilizing public opinion to manage the participation of the whole people,thereby achieving the effects of government leadership,openness and transparency,inter-government collaboration,social participation,control of increase,and reduction of stock.