卫生体系视角下的中国与印度医疗旅游业比较研究

Comparative Study on Medical Tourism Between China and India from the Perspective of Health System

本研究以卫生体系为制度环境,从不同层面的行业治理、监管、卫生人力资源、筹资、医疗服务提供五个方面比较了中国和印度的医疗旅游业。比较的结果发现,在医疗旅游事务方面我国中央政府和地方政府层面的管理权限分散,少有具体的发展规划和实施方案;卫生人力资源的流动受限且国际化程度较低;市场准入和医疗服务质量评审更为严格;医疗服务费用主要由个人承担,商业保险覆盖的服务项目较少,政府支出和社会投资规模相对较小;公立医疗机构是主要的服务提供者,所提供的服务项目种类较少且缺乏特色。因此,我们建议成立专职管理医疗旅游事务的职能部门,并进一步完善政策法规和管理制度。其次,要与国外保险机构建立合作关系,提高客源国患者医疗服务支付能力。最后,医疗机构要明确自身市场定位,提高医疗服务质量并加强对外宣传。

Taking the health system as the institutional environment,the research compares the medical tourism industry of China and India from five aspects of the industry governance,regulation,health human resource,financing,and service delivery at different levels.We find that administration authority related to health tourism is spread across different departments in the central and local government compared with India,and the later has released little development planning.Health human resources are limited in mobility and less internationalized.Market entry and health care quality review are more restricted.Government expenditures and social investment are relatively small,health care expenses are mainly based on personal expenditures and commercial insurance projects cover few kinds of services.Chinese public medical institutions are the main service providers,offering a small variety of services and lack of features.Therefore,we suggest that the government should establish a full-time functional department to regulate health tourism industry and improve the regulations and management systems.Then the government shall corporate with other countries’insurance organizations to improve the patient’s ability to pay for the health service.Lastly,medical facilities should find the appropriate market position,improve the quality of health service and strengthen the external publicity.