“城居保”对中国农村家庭消费支出异质性实证研究

THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF NEW RURAL ENDOWMENT INSURANCE ON HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION

[目的]全面分析城乡居民基本养老保险制度对农村家庭各项消费支出现状的影响,就进一步完善该项政策和稳定农村消费市场提供重要的理论参考。[方法]文章以消费和储蓄生命周期理论为分析框架,通过选取合理的样本面板数据,运用系统GMM回归分析方法探究了城乡居民基本养老保险制度对农村家庭消费支出水平的影响。[结果]财产性收入是影响农民参与城乡居民基本养老保险制度的主要因素以及投保档次的制约因素,作以存量财富为基础的财产性收入要比流量形式存在的财富具有更强抵御风险的能力,即财产性收入在很大程度上可以增加农村家庭对养老保险的依赖程度。另外,城乡居民基本养老保险制度对农村家庭消费能力表现出异质性影响。其中,城乡居民基本养老保险制度对农村家庭生活消费支出、食品性等日常性支出、文体消费支出水平明显要高于对医疗消费支出水平。[结论]国家要加大宣传城乡居民基本养老保险制度的积极和辐射作用,让广大农村家庭能够真正了解这项政策的意图。同时,要逐步破解城乡二元结构等制度性障碍,让更多农村家庭能够享受到与城镇居民相同的养老待遇。

This research is intended to make a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the urban and rural residents basic pension insurance policy on rural household consumption expenditure status,and it can provide theoretical reference to further improve the policy and stabilize the rural consumer market.Based on the consumption and savings life cycle theory,this research explored the impact of the urban and rural residents′basic pension insurance policy on the level of rural household consumption expenditure by using the SYS-GMM regression analysis method based on reasonable sample panel data.The results showed that the property wealth income was the main factor that affected peasants′participation and insured grade in urban and rural residents′basic pension insurance policy among all kinds of income in rural households.The property wealth income based on stock wealth was more resistant to risks than the wealth in the form of flow.In other words,the property wealth income could increase the dependence of rural families on pension insurance to a large extent.In addition,the urban and rural residents′basic pension insurance policy had a heterogeneous effect on the consumption capacity of rural households.Among them,daily consumption expenditures,food and other daily expenditures,and cultural and sports expenditures were significantly higher than medical expenditures.Therefore,the government should strengthen the publicity of the new endowment insurance and make it radiate more outwards,so that the broad rural families can truly understand the intent of the policy.At the same time,institutional barriers such as urban-rural dual structure should be removed so that more rural families can enjoy the same benefits as urban residents.