京杭大运河与陆海丝绸之路关联的历史考察

A Historical Study of the Relationship between the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Land Sea Silk Road

文章从历史地理学的视角出发,通过大量文献资料和考古实物资料进行考证,发现在元明清时期,京杭大运河分别向北、向南,曾有成熟的通道,分别与陆地丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路相连接:从京杭大运河北端北京、通州向北出发,历史上曾有成熟的驿道或者商道,与丝绸之路相连接,通向北方草原,再延伸至欧洲;从京杭大运河南端的杭州,因浙东运河延伸至港口城市宁波,与海上丝绸之路相连接,从而通向南亚各国。文章还通过意大利旅行家马可波罗、日本使臣策彦周良、山西商人的行程路线、贸易记载等资料,认为京杭大运河与海陆丝绸之路的连接不仅是可能的,而且在当时的社会生活中切切实实发挥了重要的作用。文章认为,在元明清时期,京杭大运河已经承担了联通丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路的使命,从而形成了贯通欧亚大陆国际间的交通、贸易体系。

From the perspective of historical geography,this paper researches a large number of documents and archaeological materials.It found that in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal was connected with the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road respectively in the north and south with mature passageways in the history.From Beijing or Tongzhou at the south end of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal,the business road was connected with the Silk Road leading to the grassland in the north,and then extending to Europe.From Hangzhou at the south end of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal,due to the extension of the Zhedong Canal to the port city Ningbo,it was connected with the maritime Silk Road,thus leading to countries in South Asia.According to the itinerary and trade records of Italian traveler Marco Polo,Japanese emissary Ceyan Zhouliang and Shanxi merchants,the paper holds that the connection between the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and the maritime and land Silk Road was not only possible,but also played an important role in the social life at that time.In the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal has undertaken the mission of connecting the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road,thus forming the international transportation and trade system through Eurasia.