海外民族志的发展历程及其三个层次

The Three-Stage Development of Overseas Ethnography

海外民族志研究内生于中国人类学的传统,近年已经成为中国社会科学的新潮流。中国学人偶尔有在境外做实地调查研究的例子,但是作为学术事业的海外民族志是在21世纪初期从北京大学开始推动的,而后逐渐有高校和研究机构参与其中,形成一个全国性的、多学科的学术创新领域。早先的研究尝试在周边国家进行,后来扩展到包括发达国家在内的世界各地。高丙中评述了这个发展过程,并认为,中国海外民族志研究已经呈现出三个层次的关注,即以微观社区实体为对象的蹲点研究、由多点构成代表性的区域国别研究和以世界社会为对象的研究。

Born from Chinese anthropological legacy,overseas ethnography has become a new trend of social sciences in China.Although field research was occasionally conducted abroad by Chinese scholars,overseas ethnography as a discipline started up from Peking University at the beginning of the 21 st Century,then extended to many universities and institutions,and gradually formed a new field of national academic innovation involved by multi-disciplines.Earlier overseas studies were attempted in neighboring countries of China,and later expanded all over the world including developed countries.Gao Bingzhong reviews the development of overseas ethnography and points out three research focuses in this field,namely,the spotbased research with particular microcosmic communities as research objects,the regional and country research represented by multiple spots,and the research of the world society.