海外民族志研究的南部非洲田野与书写

Anthropological Fieldwork and Writing of Overseas Ethnography in Southern Africa

以在南部非洲多年来的实地调查与田野体验为例,论述了赴非洲做田野调查的几个主要问题及方法;同时强调历史文献法与跨文化比较研究法是做海外或异文化研究的必经之路。在认识到跨文化比较中搜集事实的困难以及人类学个案研究的局限之后,认为人类学者要在知己知彼、面对面交往互动的前提下,努力从微观、特定的个案走向更宏观、一般的总体,进而拓展个案研究的意义与用途,满足更广阔的民众与国家需要。

Based on the field investigation and experience in Southern Africa,this paper discusses some main problems and methods of conducting fieldwork in Africa.At the same time,it emphasizes that historical document method and cross-cultural comparison are essential path to overseas or foreign studies.Given the difficulties of fact-gathering in cross-cultural comparison and the limitation in anthropological case studies,the paper argues that anthropologists must have a good understanding of and interaction with their study objects,on this basis,they advance from micro and specific cases to a macro and general whole,so as to expand the significance and application of case studies and to meet wider needs of the public and the country.