相互凝视与情感互惠:坦桑尼亚田野作业反思

Mutual Gaze and Emotional Reciprocity:Reflection on the Fieldwork in Tanzania

借由笔者在坦桑尼亚田野中面临的错误的访谈问题、主客翻转场景以及情感互惠实践的呈现,梳理了田野作业中自我与他者的凝视、反凝视及相互凝视的过程,对凝视机制下的主客体关系进行了反思,并认为田野作业应当超越单向的凝视造就的权力结构,在平等主体相互凝视的过程中,借由视差视域的转换,实现主体的互惠。同时,海外田野既提供了反思的机遇,也对研究者自我客体化的反思提出了挑战。

Based on the erroneous interview questions,the scene of flipped subject-guest relationship,and the presentation of emotional reciprocity practice in the fieldwork in Tanzanian,this paper combs the process of the gaze,the anti-gaze and mutual gaze of the self and the others,and reflects on the subject-object relationship under the gaze in the fieldwork.It is argued that the fieldwork should surpass the power structure created by the one-way gaze to realize the reciprocity between equal subjects through the mutual gaze and transformation of the parallax horizons.Meanwhile,overseas fields not only provide opportunities for reflection but also challenge researchers’ reflection on the self-objectification.