青年人高兴与中性表情对面孔社会知觉的影响

Effect of happy andneutral expression on social perceptions of faces in young adults

目的:以中性表情为对比,探究青年人高兴表情对面孔社会知觉的影响。方法:通过广告招募32名大学生,根据对青年人高兴和中性表情面孔图片的观察,就13项人格特质(可信度、情绪稳定性、尽责性、善交际、吸引力、受欢迎程度、自信心、聪颖度、攻击性、支配性、胜任力、温暖度、坚韧性)进行评价,以各人格特质评分和评价所需的反应时(ms)为因变量进行2(表情类型)×2(图片性别)×13(人格特质类型)的重复测量方差分析,多重检验结果采用Bonferroni校正。结果:青年人高兴表情在可信度、善交际、吸引力、受欢迎程度、自信心、温暖度评分上高于中性表情面孔(均P<0.0038),而支配性、攻击性评分上低于中性表情(均P<0.0038)。评价青年人高兴面孔的反应时短于中性面孔[(1675.2±493.5)ms vs.(1742.3±547.7)ms,P<0.05]。结论:相对于青年人中性表情而言,高兴表情可能提高积极人格特质的知觉结果,降低支配性以及消极人格特质的知觉结果,并具有促进面孔社会知觉加工速度的优势。

Objective:To explore the emotional effect on social perception of faces by comparing happy ex­pression and neutral expression in young adults.Metliods:Thirty-two college students were recruited through adver­tisements to watch a series of pictures of young adults'happy and neutral faces and rate their 13 personality traits(trustworthiness,emotional stability,responsibility,sociability,attractiveness,lilceability,confidence,intelligence,ag­gressiveness,dominance,competence,wamth,tenacity)on 7 points scales.The score of each personality trait evalu­ation and the response time(ms)for evaluation were taen as the dependent vaiables to conduct the repeated meas­urement ANOVA with expression type,picture gender and personality trait type as within independent variables,and bonferroni correction was usedfor multiple comparisons.Results:The results showedthat the young adults'happy expression got higher scores than their neutral expression(Ps<0.0038)on trustworthiness,sociability,attractive­ness,likeability,confidence,warmth.As for dominance and aggressiveness,the young adults'happy expression got lower scores than their neutral expression(Pp<0.0038).In terms of reaction time,it took less time to evaluate the personality for theyoung adults'appy faces than the young adults'eutral faces[(1675.2±493.5)ms vs.(1742.3±547.7)ms,P<0.05].Conclusion:Compared with the young adults'neutral expression,their happy expression may lead to the perceptual outcome of the positive personality traits,and reduce the perceptual outcome of domi­nance and negative personality traits,and promote the processing speed of social perception of faces.