广西百香果产业发展现状、存在问题及对策建议

Current status,existing problems and development suggestions of Guangxi passion fruit industry

【目的】调研分析广西百香果产业发展现状及存在的问题,为加快百香果产业结构调整、推动产业绿色高质发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】对广西百香果主要种植区进行实地调研,收集相关资料和数据(2015-2019年),围绕种植面积、主栽品种、种植方式、产量、销售价格、销售模式和产品加工等方面分析阐述广西百香果产业的发展现状及存在的主要问题。【结果】近年来玉林博白县及北流、贵港、河池、钦州、南宁、柳州、崇左、北海等广西百香果主产区种植面积迅速增加,目前广西已成为我国最大的百香果产区,全区种植总面积超过2万ha,主栽品种为台农1号,种植模式有平棚式、篱笆式和平棚垂帘式;全区产量约为30万t,其中约80%份额销往鲜食市场,20%用于产品加工,平均售价稳定攀升。此外,广西还在百香果电商销售领域走在全国前列,电商企业超过300家,平均日接单量超过10万件;各地百香果加工企业也纷纷投产,以百香果为主料或辅料,生产浓缩汁、饮料、冷冻浆、果脯、饲料等,行业发展势头迅猛。但同时产业也面临着许多困境,存在品种来源混乱,主栽品种具有不耐高温、易感病等明显缺陷;种植技术落后,病虫害发生严重;种苗繁育随意,健康种苗匮乏;原料长期匮乏,加工产能大量闲置;行业缺少标准,产品质量良莠不齐;科研启动较晚,科研产业对接滞后等诸多问题,严重制约了产业的可持续发展。【建议】应广泛引进百香果优异种质资源,拓宽百香果种质的遗传背景;建立高效的育种技术体系,选育拥有自主知识产权的新品种;规范无毒健康种苗生产,建立快速高效的病毒检测技术体系;建立标准化的栽培技术体系,提高生产效率;打造品牌效应,促进三产融合发展。

【Objective】To provide theoretical basis and technical support for sustainable and efficient development of passion fruit industry in Guangxi and green high-quality development of the industry,survey and analysis on development status and existing problems of Guangxi passion fruit industry were conducted.【Method】Based on the field survey investigation and data collection(2015-2019)of main passion fruit producing areas in Guangxi,the development status and main problems of passion fruit industry in Guangxi were analyzed through the perspectives of planting area,major varieties,yield,sales price,sale mode,processing,etc.【Result】The main planting areas in Guangxi such as Beiliu and Bobai of Yulin,Guigang,Hechi,Qinzhou,Nanning,Liuzhou,Chongzuo and Beihai have expanded rapidly.At present,Guangxi has become the largest passion fruit producing area in China with a total planting area of over 20000 ha.The main cultivar is Tainong No.1,and the planting mode are pergola,trellis and pergola-curtain.The output of whole Guangxi was about 300,000 t,of which about 80%of the yield was sold to the fresh food market,and 20%was used for processing,and the average selling price was steadily rising.In addition,Guangxi also leads the country in the field of passion fruit e-commerce sales,there are more than 300 e-commerce enterprises with an average daily order volume as high as 100,000 pieces;the processing companies around have also put into production using passion fruits as the main material or auxiliary material to produce concentrated juice,beverage,frozen pulp,preserved fruit,feed,etc.The industry is developing rapidly but facing series of problems such as multiple sources of gemeplasm,obvious defected mainly-planted varieties such as non-resistant to high temperature and susceptible to diseases;backward planting techniques,serious diseases and insect pests,scarce healthy seedlings;lots of spare processing capacity due to long-term lack of raw materials;absence of industry standards,uneven product quality;scientific and research industry lagging behind due to late start of research.These problems seriously restricted the sustainable development of the industry.【Conclusion】Introduce fine germplasm resources to broaden the genetic background of passion fruit germplasm.Establish an efficient breeding technology system and breed new varieties with independent intellectual property rights.Standardize the production of non-toxic healthy seedlings,and establish a rapid and efficient virus detection technology system.Establish a standardized cultivation technology system to improve production.Create a brand effect and promote the integration and development of the entire industry chain.