残留地膜对土壤物理性质及玉米根系生长的影响

Effects of Residual Mulch on Soil Physical Properties and Root Growth of Maize

为研究农业生产实践中残留地膜对土壤物理性能及玉米根系生长的影响,作者采用大田试验,以PPC地膜和普通地膜为供试材料,设置3种处理,分别为普通地膜处理(PF)、PPC地膜处理(JF)、无地膜处理(CK);通过室内试验分析,对玉米生长期间的土壤物理性质和玉米根系形态进行研究。结果表明,玉米生长期间,PF处理的含水率显著低于CK、JF处理,导致土壤三相比增加,影响土壤的固相、气相和液相比例;JF处理与PF处理相比,JF处理减少了残留地膜对土壤含水率、容重、孔隙度及渗透率的负面影响,减少了地膜残留对土壤结构的破坏,以及其对玉米根系生长的阻碍。与CK处理相比,由于PPC地膜在试验期间未能达到完全降解,所以对土壤物理性质和玉米根系生长均存在一定的负面影响。但与PF处理相比其可减少残留地膜对土壤的破坏及阻碍玉米根系生长等问题。

In order to study the effect of residual mulch on the physical properties of soil and the growth of corn root system,field experiments were carried out with PPC mulch(degradable mulch)and common mulch(nondegradable mulch)as test materials.The experiment involved three treatments,namely,common mulch treatment(PF),PPC mulch treatment(JF)and no mulch treatment(CK).The physical properties of soil and the morphology of maize root systems during the growth of maize in the different treatments were studied.The results showed that the moisture content of treatment PF was significantly lower than CK and JF,which resulted in an increase of three-phases of soil(the proportion of solid,gas and liquid).Compared with treatment PF,JF reduced the negative effects of residual plastic film on soil moisture content,bulk density,porosity and permeability.Moreover,JF reduced the damage of residual plastic film on soil structure and its hindrance to corn root growth.Compared with CK,JF did not undergo complete degradation during the experiment hence it had some negative impacts on soil physical properties and corn root growth.Among all the treatments,PF increased the damage of residual mulch on soil and also hindered the growth of corn roots.