自体脂肪注射治疗病理性瘢痕的研究进展

Autologous fat injection for the treatment of pathological scars

病理性瘢痕一般是各种皮肤创伤后机体异常修复的结果,特征性表现为异常的成纤维细胞增生及细胞外基质沉积。近年来,多项研究证实自体脂肪注射物含有多种可能与治疗瘢痕相关的物质,如基质血管片段、脂肪来源间充质干细胞等,这些物质可通过相关通路抑制成纤维细胞的过度增生和胶原沉积,从而改善病理性瘢痕的进展及预后。临床研究显示,脂肪注射物可以改善病理性瘢痕的厚度、颜色、柔软度和局部症状。更加深入地了解脂肪组织抗纤维化的机制,将有助于病理性瘢痕治疗技术的发展。

Pathological scars mostly result from abnormal remodeling after skin trauma,and they are characterized by dysregulated fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition.In recent years,several studies have confirmed that autologous fat injections contain a variety of substances that may be involved in the treatment of scars,such as stromal vascular fraction,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and so on.These substances can inhibit the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen through related pathways,so as to slow the progression and improve the prognosis of pathological scars.Clinical studies have demonstrated that fat injections can effectively ameliorate the thickness,color,softness and local symptoms of pathological scars.Further understanding of the anti-fibrosis mechanism of adipose tissues will facilitate the development of therapies for pathological scars.