美国精准农业技术推广经验及对我国启示

Promoting precision agriculture technologies——Case study in the United States and its implications for China

精准农业技术的普及对我国发展现代农业、实现农业生产收益与环境质量双赢有重要意义。其中,现代农机装备的普及与信息技术的融合应用是促进精准农业发展的两个关键着力点,且中小规模农户的广泛参与对落实推广至关重要。通过梳理和借鉴美国相关经验,结合我国国情,比较分析了精准农业技术普及的着力点。研究认为:(1)在推广方面,技术信息服务应向信息接收不充分农户倾斜,同时政府应加大对经济较弱势农户的财政支持,以助其生产方式升级转型;(2)在宏观政策层面,我国可借鉴美国,通过实施农业生态环境保护项目来推动精准农业的发展。

Widespread adoption of precision agriculture technologies is essential for China to achieve the goals of modernizing the agricultural sector,and attaining double-win in maximizing agricultural production profits and protecting the environment.Promoting the use of modern agricultural equipment in conjunction with the application of information technologies is where the efforts on precision technology extension could be made.And,to reach meaningful realization,the wide participation of small-and mid-sized farming households is of importance.This paper reviews the experience of the adoption of agricultural precision technologies in the United States(US),and analyzes the similarities and/or differences between China and the US.Thereupon this paper recommends that:(1)on technology extension,the information service could be enhanced to better serve farming households that would be underserved otherwise,and meanwhile greater financial support could be provided to economically disadvantaged groups for making the upgrading of their production modes happen;(2)on macro policy implications,China could take the US experience for reference,promoting the precision agriculture technologies via the implementation of agri-environmental programs.