美国国会“电磁脉冲攻击对美国的威胁评估委员会”及其评估报告简析

Review of the U.S. Congress’ Commission to Assess the Threat to the United Statesfrom Electromagnetic Pulse Attack and Its Reports

为评估美国面临的电磁脉冲攻击威胁,并为美国电网等国家关键基础设施遭受敌国电磁脉冲攻击提出预防、保护和修复的建议,监督指导政府部门和军方开展电磁脉冲防御工作,美国国会从2001财年至2018财年,先后组建了四届电磁脉冲攻击威胁评估委员会。截至目前,该委员会已发布三次评估报告,其评估结论与建议为美国政府部门、研究机构等,社会各界开展各类评估、应对方案、提案提供了重要参考和依据。历届电磁脉冲攻击威胁评估委员会的成立,在美国电磁脉冲防御工作发展过程中都具有重要意义。简述了历届委员会的情况、评估要点和结论,重点分析了最新公布的2016财年委员会评估报告要点。

From the fiscal year of 2001 to 2018, the U.S. congress has established four sessions of Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse Attack, and issued three batches of assessment reports, in order to assess the electromagnetic pulse attack threat to the United States, propose recommendations for preventing, protecting and re- pairing the critical national infrastructure such as the U.S. power grid from the enemy electromagnetic pulse attack and supervise and guide the government departments and the military to carry out electromagnetic pulse defense work. The assessment con- clusions and recommendations provide important references and basis for the U.S. government departments, research institu- tions, etc., to carry out various assessments, response plans, and proposals. The establishment of previous commissions is of great significance in the development of electromagnetic pulse defense in the United States. The basic information of the com- missions, the assessment points and conclusions of the reports were introduced. Furthermore, the key points of the newly re- leased 2016 fiscal year commission report were analyzed in detail.