与海德格尔“对话”:重读马克思的历史存在论

Dialogue with Heidegger:A Reinterpretation of Marx's Historical Ontology

晚期海德格尔曾在三天讨论班中断言,马克思的存在论达到了虚无主义的极致。将该论断置于海德格尔思想发展的全部脉络之中加以考察可以发现,晚期海德格尔对马克思历史存在论的断言与其在较早时期提出的观点具有显著的一致性,是其对马克思历史存在论的定论。在海德格尔看来,马克思哲学虽然具有“历史的维度”,但是依据马克思关于“人”“劳动”等诸命题的讨论,马克思哲学依然只是主体性哲学之一种。为了有力地反驳海德格尔的上述主张,深入诠释“对象性活动”“生产实践”等核心概念在马克思哲学思想体系中的内涵就变得必要起来。而这种反驳与诠释同时将为我们敞开一条恰切理解马克思历史存在论的路径。

In the Four Seminars of his later years,Heidegger asserted that Marx’s ontology was the extreme of nihilism.Combining this assertion with the standpoints held by Heidegger in his earlier years,we may find that his later comments,as a final conclusion,were completely consistent with his earlier points of view on Marx’s ontology.Heidegger,based on the Marx’s statements on the crucial issues,including“man”and“labour”,proposed that the philosophy of Marx was still limited within the boundary of the philosophy of subjectivity,even though it occupied“the dimension of history”.To convincingly refute this argument,it is necessary for us to have a further exploration into the key terms of the philosophy of Marx,including“objective activity”and“practice”.Through this refutation and exploration,we may have a more comprehensive understanding on Marx’s historical ontology.