聋校义务教育课程设置的历程回顾和未来展望

Review and Prospect of Compulsory Education Curriculum for the Deaf Students--An Analysis Centered on Curriculum Provision

新中国成立以来,聋校义务教育课程发展经历了起步与探索、迂缓前进、改革发展、趋于完善、全面深化等五个阶段。梳理我国聋校义务教育课程的发展历程,可以发现:课程目标从强调聋生的特殊性逐渐过渡到强调聋生作为"人"的共性;课程管理从国家主导逐渐过渡到国家主导为主、地方和校本课程为辅;课程实施从强调教师主体地位逐渐过渡到强调聋生主体地位;课程内容从注重学科知识逐渐转向注重全面发展。展望未来,聋校义务教育课程应激发地方课程的活力,建设有效的支持系统,增加劳动教育课程内容,弱化以就业为导向的职业教育课程。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the development of compulsory education curriculum for the deaf students has gone through five stages: starting and exploration, slow progress, reform and development, improvement and comprehensive deepening. A comprehensive review of the progress reveals that: the curriculum goal has gradually changed from emphasizing deaf students’ particularity to emphasizing their common character as "people", the curriculum management has gradually changed from national leading to national leading supplemented with local and school-based curriculum, the curriculum implementation has gradually changed from emphasizing teachers’ principal status to emphasis on students, and the content of the course has gradually changed from subject knowledge to students’ comprehensive development. Looking forward to the future, how to improve the "key competency" of deaf students, stimulate the vitality of local courses, build an effective support system, increase labor education courses, and weaken employment-oriented vocational education courses should be further explored.