全球疫情下我国玉米供应链体系的风险问题与对策

Risk and Countermeasures of Corn Supply Chain System in China under Global Epidemic Situation

新冠肺炎疫情在全球的蔓延对我国玉米供应链各环节造成影响,暴露出玉米供应链体系中存在的问题与短板。疫情下我国玉米春耕备耕农资供应紧张,国内玉米市场供应出现阶段性紧张,市场价格波动明显,全球范围疫情的扩散将给玉米进口贸易带来不确定性,且疫情对我国畜禽养殖业冲击较大,直接影响本年度玉米饲用消费。当前,我国玉米供应链体系存在小农生产导致生产与消费脱节、生产重心北移造成产销区生产布局不平衡及储备布局不平衡、"北粮南运"格局带来的跨区流通不畅、粮食应急机制亟待健全、玉米进口来源单一使国际贸易存在潜在风险等问题。对此,需要充分发挥粮食专业合作社及经纪人作用,促进玉米产销对接;统筹调整玉米产业区域布局,促进产业高效发展;健全粮食应急机制,降低突发事件带来的风险;构建多元化的全球粮食供应体系,减缓国际贸易风险。

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected every link of China’s corn supply chain,exposing the problems and shortcomings in the supply chain system.The epidemic caused the shortage of agricultural supplies for preparing corn for spring planting,the periodic shortage of domestic corn market supply,and the obvious market price fluctuation.The spread of the global epidemic will bring great uncertainty to the corn import trade,and the epidemic will have a great impact on the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China,which will directly affect the corn feeding consumption.Second,China’s corn supply chain system under the epidemic analysis reveal the risks and problems,such as the small-scale peasant production makes the disconnect between production and consumption.And the shift of production center to the north has resulted in imbalanced production layout and unbalanced production layout in the production and marketing area.The cross-regional circulation caused by the"Transport Northern Grain to South"pattern is not smooth,the grain emergency mechanism needs to be improved,and the single source of corn imports poses potential risks to international trade.In this regard,it is necessary to give full play to the role of professional food cooperatives and brokers to promote the integration of corn production and sales;coordinate the adjustment of the regional layout of the corn industry and promote the efficient development of the industry;improve the food emergency mechanism to reduce the risks caused by emergencies;build a diversified global food supply system to mitigate international trade risks.