“十四五”时期畜产品有效供给的现实约束及未来选择

Realistic Constraints and Future Options for Ensuring the Effective Supply of Livestock Products During the“14th Five-Year Plan”Period

"十四五"时期,我国畜牧业面临动物疫病频发及突发公共卫生事件影响、资源短缺、环保政策趋严、科技创新及推广能力不强等现实约束,将对畜产品的有效供给造成一定影响。我国重要畜产品供给仍主要依靠国内解决,畜牧业在畜禽个体生产能力、畜产品有效产量、优质饲草资源和资源利用效率、土地对畜禽粪污消纳等方面还有很大潜力可挖。今后畜牧业应汲取教训,区域布局决策不宜只考虑比较优势和经济效益,不能片面专业化,应引导鼓励"种、养、加""产、加、销"等纵向一体化,在结构调整中必须统筹考虑生产效率和消费习惯,时刻不能放松对疫情防控的警惕。同时,要优化政策支持体系,明确政府与市场责任;明晰畜牧业支持政策的边界,实现政策干预精准化;构建符合国情的畜牧政策法规体系,给予养殖者稳定的市场预期。

During the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period,China’s animal husbandry will be faced with realistic constraints such as frequent animal diseases and public health emergencies,resource shortages,stricter environmental protection policies,and weak technological innovation and promotion capabilities,which will certainly impact the effective supply of animal products.The supply of important animal products in China still mainly depends on domestic producer.The animal husbandry industry still has great potential in terms of individual production capacity of livestock and poultry,effective output of livestock products,high-quality forage resources and resource utilization efficiency,and land consumption of livestock and poultry manure.The animal husbandry industry should learn lessons.It is not appropriate for regional layout decisions to consider only comparative advantages and economic benefits.One-sided professional guidance cannot be used to encourage vertical integration of planting,feeding,meat processing,"production,processing,and sales".In the structural adjustment,we must consider production efficiency and consumption habits,and we must not relax our vigilance against epidemic prevention and control at all times.At the same time,it is necessary to optimize the policy support system,clarify the responsibilities of the government and the market;clarify the boundary of the animal husbandry support policy,and realize the precision of policy intervention;construct a livestock policy and regulatory system that meets the national conditions and give farmers stable market expectations.