学龄前儿童睡眠与行为问题研究

Sleep behaviors and behavioral problems in preschool children

目的了解学龄前儿童睡眠与行为问题的关系,为改善儿童睡眠质量和行为问题提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取浙江省5个地级市11个县(市)的3~6岁儿童;自编学龄前儿童睡眠状况调查问卷调查睡眠行为,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)评估学龄前儿童行为问题;采用Spearman秩相关分析学龄前儿童睡眠与行为问题的相关性。结果调查学龄前儿童1865人,回收有效问卷1732份,回收有效率为92.87%。学龄前儿童睡眠状况调查问卷得分为(5.87±3.38)分;19项睡眠行为的发生率在0.69%~82.85%之间,主要有睡觉不愿盖被、磨牙、梦呓、流口水和打鼾,发生率分别为82.85%、53.35%、53.23%、52.66%和43.07%。CBCL量表得分为(20.01±14.39)分,检出行为问题229人,检出率为13.22%。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,睡眠状况调查问卷中除睡眠时常见身体姿势和睡眠呼吸暂停2个条目外,其他17个条目均与CBCL量表得分存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童普遍存在不良睡眠行为,睡眠行为与行为问题存在相关性。

Objective To learn the sleep behaviors of preschool children and their association with behavioral problems,so as to provide reference for improving sleep quality and behaviors in preschool children.Methods By stratified random sampling method,the children aged 3-6 years were selected from 11 counties in 5 cities of Zhejiang Province.A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 19 items of sleep behaviors,and Achenbach children’s behavior Scale(CBCL)was used to evaluate behavior problems.Spearman rank correlation was conducted to analyze the relationship between sleep behaviors and behavioral problems in preschool children.Results Totally 1865 preschool children were enrolled,1732 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 92.86%.The total score of sleep behaviors in preschool children was 5.87±3.38.The prevalence rates of 19 sleep behaviors ranged from 0.69%to 82.85%;the common behaviors were rejecting quilt cover(82.85%),grinding teeth(53.35%),sleep-talking(53.23%),drooling(52.66%)and snoring(43.07%).The total score of CBCL was 20.01±14.39.There were 229 children with behavioral problems,accounting for 13.22%.The results of Spearman rank correlation showed that except for sleeping posture and apnea,all the other 17 items of sleep behaviors were correlated with the total score of CBCL(P<0.05).Conclusion Preschool children generally have problems in sleep,their sleep behaviors are correlated with behavioral problems.