中国沿海港口发展演变及影响因素分析

Development Evolution and Influence Factors of Ports in China Coastal

为探究港口发展规律及影响因素,通过建立港口发展指标体系,运用动态熵权TOPSIS和ArcGIS软件对2000—2018年中国沿海港口发展过程进行研究,并采用障碍度模型分析其制约因素。研究结果表明:各港发展差异显著,呈整体分散、局部连片集中分布格局,近年环渤海港口发展减慢,西南和东南港口发展较好,呈南强北弱发展特征;区位环境和设施条件制约港口发展最显著,城市支持度和财务状况影响较小,运营规模影响最小,空间可达性和发展潜力影响波动较大;航道、泊位及机械设备数等基础条件始终是主要障碍因子,障碍度排序前10的因子集中在区位环境和设施条件。结果有助于认识中国沿海港口发展过程,为明确港口投资环境及规划港口布局提供参考。

To explore the development laws of port and the influencing factors,the development process of China s coastal ports during 2000—2018 was studied by establishing port development index system,using dynamic entropy-weight TOPSIS method and ArcGIS software.The obstacle degree model was used to analyze the restrictive factors.The research results show that:There are significant differences in the various ports development.The port distribution pattern is scattered in whole and concentrated in part.In recent years,the development of ports around the Bohai Sea has slowed down,and the ports in the southwest and southeast China have developed better,showing the characteristics of strong development in the south and weak development in the north.Region environment and facility conditions restrict port development most significantly;the impact of city support and financial situation is small,and the impact of operation scale is the smallest;and the impact of spatial accessibility and development potential fluctuates greatly.The basic conditions such as channel,berth and the number of mechanical equipment are always the main obstacle factors,and the top 10 factors of obstacle ranking are concentrated in location environment and facility conditions.The results are helpful to understand the development process of China s coastal ports and provide references for clarifying the investment environment and planning the layout of ports.