煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸感知报警与爆源判定方法研究

Research on method of coal mine gas and coal dust explosion perception alarm and explosion source judgment

分析了煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸特征:空气中O2浓度迅速降低,CO2和CO等有毒有害气体浓度迅速升高;环境温度迅速升高,空气压力迅速增大后回落;产生较强的红外和紫外辐射;产生高温、高压、高速的爆炸冲击波和火焰锋面;产生爆炸音和震动;产生大量烟雾和粉尘;风速迅速增大后回落,风流反向;巷道垮塌、机电设备移动和损坏;造成大量人员伤亡。提出了气体(O2,CO2,CO)浓度、温度、声音、震动、气压、风速、风向、烟雾、粉尘、红外线、紫外线、图像等多信息融合的煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸感知报警与爆源判定方法:通过多参数变化,辨识瓦斯和煤尘爆炸;通过不同位置参数变化幅度、变化的先后时序关系和传感器损坏情况,判定爆源。提出了传感器防护与设置方法:传感器应采用流线形或圆弧形外壳,传感器外壳应采用耐高温、防火、隔热材料;传感器应设置在巷道顶部中央;采煤工作面和掘进工作面应设置传感器,传感器应设置在距工作面10~15 m处;每一段巷道(没有分支)中部应设置传感器。提出了电缆和光缆防护与设置方法:应采用铠装电缆和光缆,电缆和光缆应具有阻燃、耐高温、抗冲击等性能;电缆和光缆应埋入巷帮和底板的夹角处;电缆和光缆也可引入压风管,用压风管防护。

Characteristics of coal mine gas and coal dust explosion are analyzed:Concentration of O2 in air decreases rapidly,while concentrations of CO2,CO and other toxic and harmful gases increase rapidly;Ambient temperature rises rapidly,and air pressure increases rapidly and then falls;Stronger infrared and ultraviolet radiation are generated;High-temperature,high-pressure,high-speed explosion shock wave and flame front are generated;Explosion sound and vibration are generated;A large amount of smoke and dust are generated;Wind speed increases rapidly and then falls,and wind flow reverses;Roadway collapses,electromechanical equipment is moved and damaged;A large number of casualties are caused.A coal mine gas and coal dust explosion perception alarm and explosion source judgment method based on multi-information fusion of gas(O2,CO2,CO)concentration,temperature,sound,vibration,air pressure,wind speed,wind direction,smoke,dust,infrared,ultraviolet and image is proposed:Gas and coal dust explosion can be identified through change of multi-parameters;Explosion source can be determined according to change range,change sequence of the parameters and sensor damage at different positions.Protection and setting methods of sensor are proposed:Sensor should be equipped with a streamlined or arc-shaped shell,and the sensor shell should use high-temperature resistant,fireproof and heat-insulating material;Sensor should be installed in center of roadway top;Sensor should be installed on mining face and heading face,and the sensor should be located 10-15 m away from the working face;Sensor should be installed in the middle of each roadway(without branches).Protection and setting methods of cable and optical cable are proposed:Armored cable and optical cable should be adopted,and the cable and optical cable should have properties of flame retardant,high-temperature resistance and impact resistance;Cable and optical cable should be buried at the angle between roadway side wall and floor;Cable and optical cable can also be protected by introducing into compressed air duct.