皖南事变前后中共中央对时局的判断与应对

The CPC Central Committee’s Judgment and Response to the Situation before and after the Southern Anhui Incident

皖南事变是国共关系的分水岭。皖南事变前后中共中央对时局的判断经历一个不断变化的过程,并采取了不同的应对方针。1940年7月16日,国民党方面发出《中央提示案》后,中共中央认为政治形势已有向好的方面转变的开端,要求全党把推动国民党实行亲苏、和共与政治改良政策作为实现时局好转的任务。10月19日,何白“皓电”发出后,中共中央判断国民党有对日投降的可能,因此表面上取缓和态度,一面表示服从国方“皓电”内容,以尽可能地拖延“剿共”战争爆发和国共破裂的到来。11月30日,日本政府公开承认南京伪政权后,中共中央转而一面争取皖南新四军北渡,一面借机把反共高潮压下去。“一·一七命令”之后,对时局判断又急转直下,决定以尖锐对立求得暂时缓和,或以全面破裂对付全面破裂。日军发动豫南战役后,中共中央决定利用日蒋矛盾一时激化的时机,继续实行政治攻势和军事守势,推动国共关系的暂时缓和。

The Southern Anhui Incident is the watershed in the relationship between the KMT and the Communist Party.Before and after the Southern Anhui Incident,the CPC Central Committee’s judgment on the situation experienced an ever-changing process and different policies were taken to deal with it.On July 16,1940,after the KMT issued a central reminder,the CPC Central Committee believed that the political situation had begun to change toward a better one,and asked the whole party to take the three major principles of uniting Soviet,co-operating with the CPC,and political reforming as the task to pursue political improvement.On October 19,after He Yingqin and Bai Chongxi’s“the October 19 Telegram”was issued,the CPC Central Committee judged that the KMT might surrender to Japan.Therefore,it took a conciliatory attitude on the surface.It expressed its obedience to the demand of the telegram so as to delay as much as possible the CPC suppression war which would break out at the break-up of KMT and the CPC.On November 30th,after the Japanese government publicly recognized the Nanjing puppet regime,it turned to fight for the New Fourth Army in Southern Anhui to cross the military border to the north while taking the opportunity to suppress the anti-communist climax.After the January 17th order,its judgment of the situation turned sharply,and it decided to seek temporary relief by sharp opposition,or to deal with a complete breakdown with a comprehensive rupture.After the Japanese army launched the campaign in Southern Henan,the CPC Central Committee decided to take advantage of the opportunity of the intense contradictions between Japan and Chiang Kai-shek,continue to carry out political offensives and military defensive policies,to promote the temporary relaxation of the relationship between the KMT and the CPC.