果实种子类药材微形态的鉴别研究

Identification of micromorphology of fruit and seed herbs

目的:利用体视显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对白芥子等36种果实种子类药材进行微形态的观察研究,为近缘物种的分类以及真伪药材的鉴定提供依据。方法:收集各种果实种子类药材;用相机对其整体外观形态进行拍照;用体视显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对其表面微形态进行观察,发现药材表面特征,进而找出与其混淆品、伪品之间的差异。结果:果实种子类药材的外观形状不尽相同,呈椭圆形、球形、马蹄形、三角锥形等。体视显微镜下表面粗糙或光滑,有光泽或灰暗。可见种脐形状,表面的网格、隆起与突起。扫描电镜显示表面存在不同纹饰,如网纹、刺状、突起、波状弯曲等纹饰,这些纹饰经放大又可见小的线条纹理、沟壑状纹理等,体现出微形态的多样性。可明显区别整体形态相近的果实种子类药材。结论:通过对果实种子类药材的收集观察,为果实种子类药材的表面性状提供了宝贵的图片证据,外形相似的药材可以通过观察发现其在微观特征上的区别,整体研究结果为果实种子类药材的性状鉴别提供依据。

Objective:In this study,stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM)were used to observe the microscopic morphology of 36 kinds of fruit and seed herbs to provide a basis for the classification of related species and the identification of genuine and fakes.Methods:After collecting various kinds of fruit and seed herbs,the overall appearance and morphology of the herbs were photographed and observed with a camera,and the surface micromorphology of the herbs was observed with stereomicroscope and SEM,and the surface characteristics of the herbs were recorded,so as to find out difference between the genuine and related species,fake.Results:The results show that fruit and seed herbs are different in appearance and shape,such as ellipse,sphere,horseshoe,triangular cone.The surface under stereoscopic microscope is rough or smooth,shiny or gray.Navel-shaped,surface meshes,ridges,and projections are visible.SEM results indicate that there are different patterns on the surface,such as reticulation,spine,protuberance,wavy bending,etc.These patterns can be enlarged and small lineation,ravine texture and so on can be seen,reflecting the diversity of micromorphology.Some herbs with similar overall morphology can be observed distinct differences in micromorphology.Conclusion:The research results provide valuable picture evidence for the surface characters of the fruit seed herbs through the collection and observation of the fruit seed herbs.The difference in microscopic characteristics of the herbs with similar appearance can be found through observation.The overall research results provide the basis for the character identification of the fruit seed herbs.