排土场中不同处理对不同种植模式向日葵生长特性和光合作用的影响

Effects of Different Treatments and Patterns on Growth Characteristics and Photosynthesis of Helianthus annuus in Surface Mine Dump

研究不同处理对不同种植模式向日葵生长特性和光合作用的影响,为矿区排土场农林种植提供理论依据。在内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿北排土场(复垦20年)设置向日葵单作、向日葵与玉米间作、向日葵与大豆间作等3种种植模式,设接菌(I)、绿肥(G)、接菌+绿肥(IG)、风化煤+绿肥(GW)、接菌+绿肥+风化煤(IGW)与不接种对照(CK)6个处理,测定试验小区土壤基本值及不同种植模式对向日葵株高、地径、花盘直径、单株净籽粒重、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的影响,并分析其相互关系。结果表明,不同种植模式下,脲酶活性、磷酸酶活性与易提取球囊酶素含量均为向日葵玉米间作与向日葵大豆间作整体高于向日葵单作;向日葵单作与向日葵玉米间作净光合速率整体高于向日葵大豆间作,向日葵单作及向日葵大豆间作的气孔导度区间整体高于向日葵玉米间作。同一种植方式中,向日葵单作、向日葵大豆间作、向日葵玉米间作花盘直径最大值分别在接菌+绿肥+风化煤(IGW)、绿肥+风化煤(GW)和接菌(I)处理(P<0.05);向日葵单作、向日葵大豆间作、向日葵玉米间作净单株籽粒重最大值分别在绿肥(G)、绿肥+风化煤(GW)、接菌(I)处理。向日葵地径与Gs、Tr成显著正相关(P<0.05);花盘直径与Tr成显著负相关(P<0.05)。单株净籽粒重与Ci成显著正相关,与蒸腾速率成显著负相关(P<0.05)。不同处理对不同种植模式向日葵生长及光合指标具有促进作用,不同种植模式的最适处理有差异,可为露天矿排土场农林利用提供参考。

The effects of different treatments on the growth characteristics and photosynthesis of sunflowers(Helianthus annuus)with different planting methods were studied to provide a theoretical basis for agricultural and forestry planting in the dumping grounds in the mining area.In the northern dump of Heidaigou Open-pit Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia(reclamation for 20 years),three planting modes including sunflower monoculture,sunflower corn intercropping,and sunflower soybean intercropping,six treatments,including green manure(IG),weathered coal+green manure(GW),inoculation+green manure+weathered coal(IGW)and non-inoculation control(CK)were set up.The experiment measured the basic values of soil in the test plot and the different planting patterns on sunflower plant height,ground diameter,disk diameter,net seed weight per plant,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and the effect of transpiration rate(Tr),and analyzed their correlation.The results showed that under different planting patterns,urease,phosphatase activity and the content of easily extracted sacculase were higher in sunflower maize intercropping and sunflower soybean intercropping as a whole;the net photosynthetic rate of sunflower maize intercropping and sunflower maize intercropping as a whole was higher than that of sunflower soybean intercropping,and the stomatal conductance of sunflower and sunflower soybean intercropping as a whole was higher than that of sunflower maize intercropping.In the same planting mode,the maximum diameter of flower plate of sunflower monoculture,sunflower soybean intercropping and sunflower maize intercropping were respectively treated by inoculation+greenmanure+weathered coal(IGW),greenmanure+weathered coal(GW)and inoculation(I)(P<0.05);the maximum net grain weight of single plant of sunflower monoculture,sunflower soybean intercropping and sunflower maize intercropping were respectively treated by greenmanure(G),greenmanure+weathered coal(GW)and inoculation(I).There was a significant positive correlation between sunflower ground diameter and GS,Tr(P<0.05),and a significant negative correlation between disc diameter and Tr(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between net kernel weight and Ci and a significant negative correlation between transpiration rate and Ci(P<0.05).Different treatments can promote the growth and photosynthetic index of sunflower in different planting patterns,and the optimal treatments of different planting patterns are different,which can provide reference for the utilization of agriculture and forestry in open pit dump.