基于川麦冬活性成分高和重金属含量低的有机无机肥最佳配施方案

Optimum combination of chemical and bio-organic fertilizers for high active components and low heavy metals in the cultivation of Ophiopogon japonicus(Linn.f.)Ker-Gawl

【目的】明确川麦冬[Ophiopogon japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl]生产中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和生物有机肥(BF)最佳配施量,为大田川麦冬的科学种植提供参考。【方法】采用L9 (34)正交设计,分析9个不同N、P、K与BF组合处理下,川麦冬品质活性成分、代表性活性成分与重金属含量,并基于DTOPSIS法进行了综合选优。【结果】合理的N、P、K和BF配施可显著提高川麦冬水溶性浸出物、总皂苷、可溶性多糖、麦冬皂苷D与麦冬皂苷D’的含量,降低Cu、Gd、As、Pb、Hg的含量。其中,以N1P3K3BF3处理的水溶性浸出物、总皂苷、麦冬皂苷D与麦冬皂苷D’的含量最高,分别为74.52%、0.38%、112.208μg/mL与56.293μg/mL;可溶性多糖含量最高的为N3P3K2BF1处理(42.47%);Cu和Pb含量最低的为N1P2K2BF2处理,As含量最低的为N3P2K1BF3处理,Gd含量最低的为N2P1K2BF3处理,Hg含量最低的为N2P2K3BF1处理。【结论】通过DTOPSIS法进行了综合选优,活性成分高、重金属含量低的最佳施肥组合为N1P3K3BF3,即N、P2O5、K2O和生物有机肥分别为598、240、595.80和2700 kg/hm^2。

【Objectives】The optimum combination of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and bioorganic fertilizers(BF)was studied for the cultivation of Ophiopogon japonicus(Linn.f.)Ker-Gawl,so as to achieving products with high medical quality and safety.【Methods】L9(34)orthogonal design was used in a field experiment.The contents of quality related active components,specific O.japonicus saponins and heavy metals were determined.The DTOPSIS method was used for comprehensive optimization of the fertilizers.【Results】Rational application of N,P,K and bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increased the contents of water-soluble extracts,total saponins,soluble polysaccharides,saponins D and saponins D',and decreased the contents of Cu,Ge,As,Pb and Hg.Among them,water-soluble extracts,the contents of total O.japonicus saponins,saponins D and saponins D'were the highest in the treatment of N1P3K3BF3,in which they were 74.52%,0.38%,112.208μg/mL and 56.293μg/mL respectively,and the highest content of soluble polysaccharides was in N3P3K2BF1(42.47%).The lowest content of Cu and Pb were in N1P2K2BF2,the lowest As in N3P2K1BF3,the lowest Cd in N2P1K2BF3,and the lowest Hg in N2P2K3BF1.【Conclusions】Through the evaluation of DTOPSIS method,the optimum combination of fertilizers is chemical N 598 kg/hm^2,P2O5240 kg/hm^2,K2O 595.80 kg/hm^2 and bioorganic fertilizer 2700 kg/hm^2.