西汉诸侯王墓乐器的考古发现与研究

Archelogical Findings Researched:Musical Instruments Excavated from the Princes’Tombs of the West Han Dynasty

通过对西汉诸侯王墓等考古资料的整理研究,可以看出,西汉早期以钟磬为代表的青铜礼制乐器仍在使用,种类及数量较多,从中期开始,趋于退化以至于模型化、明器化,中晚期几近消亡,丝竹类乐器显著增多;钲、錞于为组合的军旅乐器,在西汉早期继承了先秦的旧制,使用范围又不局限于战争,中晚期趋于衰落;西汉早期乐悬制度严格而明确,编钟基本是钮钟14+钮钟5的组合,与编磬构成了完整的钟磬乐悬制度,编钟形制基本一致,一钟双音,均采用楔形的音梁结构,中晚期以钟磬为代表的乐悬则几近消失。西汉的乐悬制度,更注重的是礼的形式,不重乐器的音乐性能,其礼器的功能大于乐器的功用。

Through the study of the excavated materials from the princes’ tombs of the West Han dynasty, we can find the usage of bronze ritual instruments, especially bells and chimes, in the early years of this dynasty. The system of that period paid more attention to ritual forms, not to the instruemnts’ musical properties.