甘肃省饮水型地方性氟中毒健康教育效果分析

The effect of health education on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Gansu Province

目的评价甘肃省饮水型地方性氟中毒健康教育效果,为制定健康教育措施提供依据.方法2011-2013、2016、2017年,采用前瞻性研究方法,每年在甘肃省抽取16~19个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区县(市、区)作为项目县,每个项目县抽取3个乡(镇),进行饮水型地方性氟中毒防治知识的大众健康教育活动.每个乡(镇)中心小学校抽取4~6年级学生开展学校健康教育活动;每个乡(镇)抽取3个行政村,开展社区健康教育活动.每年健康教育干预前后均在每个乡(镇)抽取中心小学校5年级1个班的30~50名学生,及学校所在地家庭主妇15~30名,进行饮水型地方性氟中毒防治知识的问卷调查,比较分析健康教育的效果.结果5年级小学生与家庭主妇健康教育干预后,饮水型地方性氟中毒防治知识总的知晓率分别为89.55%(28164/31452)、86.61%(14976/17292),较干预前[53.40%(16518/30933)、51.88%(8925/17202)]显著提高(x2=1586.16、4886.16,P均<0.05);小学生和家庭主妇饮水型地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓率分别提高了36.15和34.73个百分点.结论甘肃省实施健康教育干预措施后,小学生和家庭主妇饮水型地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓率显著提高.但仍存在基层健康教育工作人员短缺和工作经费投入不足等薄弱环节,还需在今后的工作中进一步改进和加强.

Objective To explore the effect of health education on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Gansu Province,and provide evidence for further development of health education measures.Methods In 2011-2013,2016 and 2017,using prospective method,16-19 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis counties(cities,districts)were selected as project counties in Gansu Province each year,and 3 townships(towns)were selected in each project county.To carry out public health education activities on prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis,school health education activities were carried out in the classes of grade 4-6 in the central primary school;3 administrative villages were selected in each township(town)to carry out community health education activities.Before and after the health education activities,questionnaire surveys on health education of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis prevention knowledge were conducted among 30-50 students of grade 5 in the central primary school and 15-30 housewives lived near the schools in each township(town).Comparative analysis of the effects of health education activities was carried out.Results The total awareness rates of prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in students of grade 5 and housewives were 89.55%(28164/31452)and 86.61%(14976/17292)after the intervention,respectively,which were significantly higher than those before the intervention[53.40%(16518/30933)and 51.88%(8925/17202)],and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=1586.16,4886.16,P<0.05).Among the primary school students and housewives,the knowledge awareness rates of prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis were increased by 36.15%and 34.73%,respectively.Conclusions After implementation of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis health education intervention,the awareness rates of prevention and treatment knowledge in primary school students and housewives in Gansu Province are significantly increased.However,there are still weakness such as shortage of primary health education staff and insufficient investment in work funds,which means we can further expand the scope of health education.