基因编辑调控技术在结核分枝杆菌基因功能研究中的应用进展

Progress of gene editing and regulation technology in the study of the gene function of Mycobacterium tu-berculosis

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是具有传染性的致死性病原体,截至目前,基因组中仍有近4000条基因的功能未阐明,这些基因对于MTB的生长、传播及致病十分重要,基因研究的任务依然十分紧迫。近年来,各种基因编辑技术在MTB的基因功能研究中发挥了巨大的作用,本文主要针对同源重组方法(基因置换、条件性调控表达)、反义技术、CRISPRi等技术,汇总比较各种技术的优点、缺点,综述其应用情况,并对基因编辑的未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期尽早详尽了解MTB的全基因组功能,为揭示MTB的致病机理提供有力的保障,同时也为抗结核新药的开发提供线索。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a lethal infectious pathogen.The functions of nearly 4,000genes in the M.tuberculosis genome are still unclear.These genes are crucial to the growth,spread,and pathogenicity of M.tuberculo-sis,so the task of studying those genes is an urgent one.In recent years,various gene editing and regulation systems have played an important role in the study of the functions of M.tuberculosis genes.This paper mainly focuses on methods of homologous recombination(gene replacement,conditional regulation,and expression),antisense technology and CRISP-Ri,it compares the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies,it summarizes their use,and it looks ahead to trends in the future development of gene editing.The aim of this review is to better understand the functions of the M.tuberculosis genome in detail as soon as possible in order to facilitate the study of the pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis and to provide clues for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.