基于一般均衡的城市交通公平模拟研究

Simulation Research of Urban Transportation Equity Based on General Equilibrium Theory

为探究城市均衡状态下不同收入群体面临的交通公平问题,建立城市空间一般均衡模型.从多主体模拟的视角出发,构建企业、个人的选址决策模型,采用仿真模拟方法探讨交通公平的形成机制与影响因素,为交通公平问题提供新的研究视角.研究发现:不同群体的通勤损失存在明显差异,高收入群体在空间选择上优先于低收入群体,占据交通优势区域;低收入群体不仅需要接受较低的工资水平,还需承受更高的通勤损失.劳动力水平差距和通勤速度对不同群体的通勤损失存在异质性影响.当劳动力水平差距扩大时,低收入群体不仅面临劳动力贬值,还将承受更大比例的通勤损失;公共交通出现拥挤、维护等低效情况时,低收入群体的通勤损失将明显增加,进一步扩大群体差距.

Based on the general equilibrium model of urban space,this paper studies a transportation equity problem faced by high and low income groups under the condition of urban equilibrium with a multi-agent simulation approach.It constructs a site selection decision model for enterprises and individuals,and discusses the formation mechanism and influencing factors of the transportation equity problem by simulation,so as to provide a new research perspective for transportation equity.It is found that the high-income groups have priority over the low-income group in spatial selection.Low-income groups do not only need to accept lower level of wages,but also suffer higher commuting losses.Moreover,the difference in labor level and commuting speed have heterogeneous effects on the commuting loss of different groups.The widening of the capacity gap between the two groups will worsen the issue of transportation equity.When the efficiency of public transportation system is reduced,such as congestion,the commuting loss of low-income groups will increase significantly,and the transportation inequality is more serious.