单线纯电动公交车辆柔性调度优化

Optimizing Flexible Vehicle Scheduling for Single-line Battery Electric Buses

为解决纯电动公交车因充电错过最佳接续发车班次使公交车数量增加的问题,以公交车辆运营总成本最小为目标,构建允许存在误时发车的纯电动公交车辆柔性调度优化模型,通过最大可能地增加一辆公交车可执行班次的数量,减少车辆使用数量及运营成本.设计遗传算法求解模型,为提高求解效率,将时刻表按班次发车顺序进行排序,以减少染色体数量.数值实验结果表明:与纯电动公交车辆刚性调度相比,柔性调度能够极大地减少车辆使用数量;误时上限的取值对公交运营成本影响较大.

In electric bus scheduling,some electric buses may miss the time of consecutive trip due to long battery charging time,which normally lead to an increase in the use of buses.This study aimed to minimize the total operating cost of buses and developed a flexible electric bus scheduling optimization model.The model allows some buses to departure late but increase the number bus trips,and thus to reduce the number of operating vehicles and operating costs.A genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model.The study ranked bus trips in sequential order of the departure time to reduce the number of chromosomes,and to further improve the solution efficiency.A numerical experiment was performed and the results showed that the flexible electric bus scheduling method was able to significantly reduce the number of vehicles used,compared with fixed bus scheduling.The results also show that the delay time has a great impact on the total operating cost.