不同季节中幼儿体力活动的追踪研究

Tracing Study on Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Different Seasons

目的考察我国学龄前儿童体力活动(PA)和静坐行为(SB)在冬季和春季中的变化。方法基于加速度运动传感器追踪监测数据,采用配对样本t检验和Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验检测体力活动和静坐行为的季节性差异,采用描述性统计来探讨不同季节中学龄前儿童体力活动推荐量的满足情况,主要指标有低强度体力活动(LPA)、中等强度体力活动(MPA)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、高强度体力活动(VPA)和总体力活动(TPA)。结果 (1)学龄前儿童LPA时间春季显著小于冬季,其他均无显著性差异;(2)在园时间,学龄前儿童VPA和MVPA时间春季均显著高于冬季,离园时间,LPA时间春季显著小于冬季;(3)周内,学龄前儿童VPA时间和MVPA时间春季均显著大于冬季,周末,学龄前儿童LPA、MPA、VPA、MVPA和TPA时间春季均显著小于冬季;(4)无论春季还是冬季,MPA、VPA、MVPA和TPA时间男童均显著大于女童;(5)学龄前儿童的SB时间,从冬季到春季虽然有减小的趋势,但没有显著性差异;(6)春季,学龄前儿童MVPA为153.01 min/d,TPA为235.13 min/d,冬季,学龄前儿童MVPA为148.76 min/d,TPA为256.98 min/d。结论学龄前儿童体力活动的季节性可以通过其他背景因素来调节,如学前教育课程安排和天气阴雨情况,应综合这些因素探究不同季节中幼儿体力活动的干预与促进。

Objective Investigate the changes of physical activity and sedentary behavior of preschool children from winter to spring in China.Methods Acceleration motion sensor was used to monitor the data.The paired sample t test and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test were used to find the seasonal differences between physical activity and sedentary behavior.The independent sample t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to view the gender differences between physical activity and sedentary behavior of preschool children in different season, descriptive statistics were used to explore the satisfaction of the recommended amount of physical activity for preschool children.Results(1) The LPA time of preschool children was significantly lower in spring than in winter, and there was no significant difference in other periods.(2) In kindergarten, the prevalence of VPA and MVPA in preschool children was significantly higher than that in winter.When not in kindergarten, LPA time was significantly lower in spring than in winter.(3) VPA time and MVPA time for preschool children during the week in spring is significantly greater than winter, at the weekend, preschool children’s LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA and TPA were significantly lower in spring than in winter.(4) Whether spring or winter, boys in MPA, VPA, MVPA and TPA are significantly larger than girls.(5) The sedentary behavior of preschool children has a decreasing trend from winter to spring, but there is no significant difference.(6) In spring, MVPA for preschool children was 153.01 min/day and TPA was 235.13 min/day;in winter, MVPA for preschool children was 148.76 min/day and TPA was 256.98 min/day.Conclusion The seasonality of physical activity of preschool children can be adjusted by other background factors, such as preschool education curriculum and rainy weather, we should combine these factors to explore the intervention and promotion of physical activity of children in different seasons.