急性运动对机体免疫系统影响的Meta分析

Meta Analysis of the Effect of Acute Exercise on the Immune System

目的系统评价急性运动后即刻、恢复期机体外周血中白细胞、亚群及细胞因子含量与静息值之间的差异,免疫系统的变化,为人们锻炼后预防感染提供科学依据。方法应用Meta分析方法,检索外文数据库包括Science Direct、Springer Link、Sports Discus、EBSCOhost、PubMed和Web of Science,检索年限均从1998年1月—2018年10月,收集急性运动后即刻、恢复期机体外周血白细胞、亚群及细胞因子含量的实验研究,采用标准化均数差和95%置信区间为效应量。共纳入31篇研究,文献质量评价5篇A级,26篇B级。结果运动后即刻、恢复1 h、恢复3 h机体外周血白细胞含量显著增加。亚组分析表明,白细胞含量的变化与运动强度之间存在剂量效应关系。运动后即刻中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及亚群、单核细胞和IL-6含量明显增多,而CRP、TNF-α含量无明显变化;恢复1 h淋巴细胞及亚群含量明显低于静息水平,中性粒细胞明显高于静息水平,单核细胞逐渐恢复到静息水平;恢复3 h中性粒细胞含量明显增加,淋巴细胞含量逐渐恢复。结论急性运动后即刻机体外周血白细胞及亚群含量增加,IL-6浓度升高,增强了机体抗感染能力。运动后1 h机体淋巴细胞含量低于静息水平,形成"开窗反应",对感染的敏感性较高;运动后3 h白细胞和中性粒细胞凋亡延迟,激活非适应性免疫系统的警觉,可保护机体免受伤害。

Objective The research aims to systematically evaluate the differences between white blood cells, subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood and the resting rate in vitro after acute exercise and convalescence, and to provide scientific basis for preventing infection after exercise.Methods Meta analysis is used, retrieving foreign language databases include Science Direct, Sprint Link, Sports Discus, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science.The search years ranged from January 1998 to October 2018.An experimental study on the content of white blood cells, subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood cells in vitro after acute exercise and recovery period was conducted.31 studies, 5 A and 26 B studies were included in the literature quality evaluation.Results Immediately after exercise, recovery of 1 h, recovery of 3 h peripheral blood cell content increased significantly.Sub-group analysis showed that there was a dose-effect relationship between the variation of white blood cell content and the intensity of exercise.The content of neutrophils, lymphocytes and subsets, monocytes and IL-6 increased obviously after exercise, while the content of CRP and TNF-α did not change significantly.The contents of 1 h lymphocytes and subsets were significantly lower than the rest level, the neutrophils were significantly higher than the rest level, and the monocytes gradually recovered to the rest level.The contents of neutrophils increased obviously and lymphocyte recovered gradually.Conclusion The concentration of peripheral blood cells and subsets increased in vitro after acute exercise, and the concentration of IL-6 increased.After exercise 1 h, the body’s lymphocyte content is lower than the rest level, forming a "open window reaction" and a higher sensitivity to infection.Post exercise 3 h white blood cell and neutrophils apoptosis delay, activation of the non-adaptive immune system alert, can protect the body from harm.