多维视域下开放获取期刊撤稿原因分析--基于Retraction Watch Database数据

Analysis of the reasons for retraction of open access journals from multi-dimensional view: Based on the data from Retraction Watch Database

【目的】透视和归纳开放获取(Open Access,OA)期刊的撤稿原因与趋势,为提高OA期刊的科研诚信管理质量和效果提供建议。【方法】基于撤稿观察数据库(Retraction Watch Database),结合JCR中历年OA期刊名单,筛选2000年以来OA期刊撤稿记录,从整体趋势、原因共现、研究领域、所涉国别、发表期刊等视角对撤稿原因进行深入剖析。【结果】当前OA期刊撤稿数量呈快速增长趋势;期刊和出版商关注的撤稿原因与科研机构存在差异,撤稿原因间共现情况各异;数据与结果相关问题是各领域OA期刊撤稿涉及的主要原因;同行评议问题在发展中国家较为突出,发达国家OA论文的数据和图像问题相对显著;较低影响因子期刊的撤稿原因比较高影响因子期刊更易于识别。【结论】数据驱动的研究范式让管理实践应更重视数据和图像的准确性与可靠性,且应多元化监管主体、完善监管体系,优化期刊审稿流程与技术手段以更好地实现外部监管,同时辅以教育宣传以使科研诚信内化于行。

[Purposes] The purposes of this study are to analyze and summarize the reasons and trends of retraction of open access(OA) journals,and to provide suggestions for improving the quality and effect of research-integrity management.[Methods]Based on the retraction data from Retraction Watch Database,we filtered the retraction records of OA journals according to the list of OA journals in JCR over the years,and carried out in-depth analysis from multi-dimensional perspectives,including overall tendency,reason co-occurrence,research fields,related nationalities,and publishing journals.[Findings] The number of retractions in OA journals is increasing significantly.There are some differences in terms of retraction reasons between journals or publishers and scientific institutions,as well as the situations of co-occurrence of retraction reasons.The problems related to data and results are the important reasons for withdrawal of OA papers in various fields.Peer review issues are more prominent in developing countries,whereas the issues of data and images are more relatively popular in developed countries.Besides,the retraction reasons of journals with low impact factors are easier to identify than those with high ones.[Conclusions] With the data-driven research paradigm,the management practice should pay attention to the accuracy and reliability of data and images.Meanwhile,we should diversify the supervision subjects and improve the supervision system,which can not only optimize the review process and technical methods of journals to achieve external supervision successfully,but also help on the spread of education to internalize scientific research integrity deeply.