磁化水灌溉对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

【目的】探索冬小麦生长发育、植株生理特性及产量形成对磁化种子和磁化水灌溉的响应。【方法】2017-2019年冬小麦(供试品种为"周麦22")生长季在河南新乡开展了田间试验。试验共设3个处理:磁化种子+磁化水灌溉(T1)、常规种子+磁化水灌溉(T2)和常规种子+常规灌溉水灌溉(T3),其中T3处理为对照处理,对比分析了不同处理对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】2个生长季的田间试验结果表明,与T3处理相比,T1和T2处理的冬小麦株高分别增加了6.16%和4.38%,最大叶面积指数增加了11.73%和6.53%,最大叶片SPAD值增加了5.74%和4.18%(2017-2018年)。在不增加灌溉用水的条件下,与T3处理相比,T1和T2处理的有效穗数分别提高了3.09%~6.56%和2.88%~4.95%;穗粒数分别提高了5.28%~6.75%和4.05%~5.87%;籽粒产量分别提高了439.40~717.10、372.16~577.75kg/hm^2,增产率达到了6.14%~8.99%和5.20%~7.24%。【结论】磁化水灌溉能够促进冬小麦生长发育,提高有效穗数和穗粒数,进而提高籽粒产量和水分利用效率。

【Background】Winter wheat is the main cereal crop grown in the in dry and half-dry area of the world,especially under the condition that COVID-19 outbreak worldwide,winter wheat is still a very important food supply for the people in China and other countries.Even average yields of winter wheat in many countries have increased by 40%over past five decades due to development of new cultivars,improvements of crop management practices and changes of favorable climate;however,water shortage is becoming an important factor limiting sustainable winter wheat production.So more and more researchers emphasize on how to increase winter wheat yield and water use efficiency at the same time.Magnetic water technology is supposed to be an eco-friendly tool used for improving yield in the agricultural sector.And many researchers investigated the effect of the magnetic water on the seed germination,crop growth and yield.【Objective】In order to examine whether there are any beneficial effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on the growth,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat,a field experiment was conducted in 2017—2018 year and 2018—2019 year in the North China Plain(NCP).【Method】The experiment area was 20 m×9 m and randomized block design with three replications.The magnetic field was produced by the electromagnet(Jinan Yishui Tech.Dev Co.Ltd.)with an intensity of 0.2 Tesla.Three treatments were arranged:seeds magnetized+magnetized water irrigation(T1),normal seeds+magnetized water irrigation(T2),normal seeds+normal water irrigation(T3)and T3 is the control experiment.The Zhou 22 winter wheat was used and put in the electromagnet 5 minutes before planting.The T1 and T2 treatments were irrigated with the magnetized water,while T3 plots were irrigated with untreated water of the same source.【Result】The results demonstrated that magnetized water irrigation could promote the growth of winter wheat and increase yield and water use efficiency with different levels.It also indicated that magnetized water irrigation increased winter wheat plant height,leaf area index,leaf SPAD value.Compared with the T3 control treatment,the increased percentage of the effective panicle number of T1 and T2 treatments were 3.09%~6.56%and 2.88%~4.95%;The increased percentage of the spikelet number of T1 and T2 treatments were 5.28%~6.75%and 4.05%~5.87%.Compared with the T3 treatment,the increased rate of the grain yield of T1 and T2 treatments were 6.14%~8.99%and 5.20%~7.24%.【Conclusion】The evidence also showed that magnetized water irrigation can promote dry matter accumulation above ground of winter wheat,and the increased effective panicle number and spikelet number make great contribution to the high yield of magnetized water irrigation.And also water use efficiency of T1 and T2 treatments increased by 3.13%and 2.58%(2018 year)and 5.08%and 5.65%(2019 year).The results provided a scientific basis for the magnetic water application for the winter wheat in dry and half-dry area.