催化脱硝技术研究进展-催化剂的种类、制备方法及催化活性

Research Progress in Catalytic Denitrification Performance:The Catalyst Type,Preparation Methods and Activity

随着工业及城市交通的发展,其所排放的NO和NO2逐渐增多,由此导致的光化学烟雾、酸雨等大气污染问题愈加严重,与此同时,人类的身体健康也同样受到了威胁.据此,NOx的消除成为当下的一个重要研究方向.目前NOx的去除方法主要为选择性催化还原(SCR)去除方法,该法具有高效率的NOx去除效果、高温度区间,较低的SO2转化率等特点.催化剂在SCR反应中起着关键和核心作用,NOx脱除效率的高低取决于催化剂的催化效率,如何提高催化剂的催化效率一直是研究者不断努力的目标.催化剂由载体和活性组分两大部分构成,载体的物质种类、活性组分的组成物质以及二者间的相互作用,是影响催化效率的主要因素.载体物质目前常用的主要是Al2O3、SiO2和TiO2等金属氧化物,而活性组分则主要为Pd、Pt、Mn、Ce、V和W等,但目前应用较为广泛的活性组分主要为Mn、Ce、V和W等.研究开发新的载体物质及活性组分对催化脱硝技术的进步具有十分重要的意义.

With the development of industry and urban transportation,the emission of NO and NO2 are gradually increasing,and the resulting air pollution problems are becoming more and more serious,such as photochemical smog and acid rain,etc.At the same time,human health is also threatened.Accordingly,the elimination of NOx has become an important research direction.At present,the mainly method of NOx removal method is selective catalytic reduction(SCR)method,which has the characteristics of high efficiency NOx removal effect,high temperature range,and low SO2 conversion.The core of the SCR reaction is catalyst,and the level of NOx elimination efficiency is determined by the catalytic efficiency.The catalyst is mainly divided into the carrier and active component.The carrier mainly includes metal oxides such as TiO2,Al2O3 and SiO2,and the active components are mainly includes Pt,Pd,Mn,Ce,V and W.The currently widely used active components are Mn Ce,V and W.Both the carrier and the active components are important factors that could affect the catalytic activity of the catalyst.Therefore,it is a great significance to study carriers and active components.