金朝员外郎的民族构成探析

An Analysis of the Ethnic Identity of Ministry Councillors during the Jin Dynasty

金朝时期,员外郎一职因为金朝不同的发展时期和政策推行,其出任者的民族成分构成呈现出阶段性的变化。金初由于女真族本身文化素质水平低下,处理政务能力不足,出任者大都是以汉族为主的辽宋降臣;世宗和章宗时期,随着女真族民族文化水平的提升,员外郎一职中女真族出任者开始大幅度上升,而汉族比例却在此时有所下降;金朝晚期,随着宣宗南迁进入汉人聚居为主的中原腹地,汉人在员外郎一职中的比例开始回升,而女真族的比例则相应减少。

In the Jin Dynasty,the post for Ministry councillor received different officials with different ethnic identities,due to the different development periods and policies in practice.These successors were characterized with periodic changes in their ethnic identity.In the early Jin Dynasty,this position was mostly taken by the descendants of Liao and Song Dynasty,mainly of Han nationality,due to the poor average education of Nvzhen people,the ethnic group in power and their inadequate ability to deal with government affairs.In the Shizong and Zhangzong periods,with the improvement of Nvzhen nationality's cultural level,the number of Nvzhen people in the post of ministry councillor began to rise substantially,while the proportion of Han nationality declined at that time;in the late Jin Dynasty,with the migration of Xuanzong to the south,the Han nationality entered In the hinterland of the Central Plains,where the majority of people live together,the proportion of Han people in the post of"ministry councillor"began to rise,while the proportion of Nvzhen people decreased accordingly.